摘要
国家“域外管辖权”的扩张、滥用是国际领域极具争议的事项。随着美国通过“域外管辖权”介入国际足联腐败案,以及美国《罗德琴科夫反兴奋剂法》对反兴奋剂问题“域外管辖权”的确立,美国“域外管辖权”呈现出向国际体育领域快速扩张的态势,意味着为美国国家司法力量介入国际体育领域提供了法律基础,长期以来国际体育领域的自治传统和国家司法对国际体育事务的礼让传统被打破,从而影响到整个国际体育治理格局。运用文献资料法、比较法等方法,对美国“域外管辖权”在国际体育领域扩张的法律基础、典型例证,及“域外管辖权”扩张所带来的风险和因应策略进行了研究。研究认为,国际足联腐败案是美国将以往法律中的“域外管辖权”扩张到体育领域的典型例证,而《罗德琴科夫反兴奋剂法》确立的管辖权是专门针对体育领域的“域外管辖权”。美国“域外管辖权”向体育领域扩展,将对国际体育领域的治理、国际体育组织,以及包括中国在内的各主权国家形成挑战,应从国际合作、诉诸法律等多方面进行应对。
The expansion and abuse of a country's"extraterritorial jurisdiction"are a highly contentious issue in the international arena.With the United States"invocation of"extraterritorial jurisdiction"in the FIFA corruption case and the establishment of extraterritorial jurisdiction over anti-doping issues via the Rodchenkou Anti-Doping Act,there is a discernible trend of rapid expansion of U.S.extraterritorial jurisdiction within the international sports field.The extension of a country's extraterritorial jurisdiction into international sports implies a legal basis for the intervention of that country's judicial power,which disrupts both the longstanding tradition of autonomy in international sports and the principle of judicial deference to international sports affairs.This shift could significantly impact the entire landscape and traditional governance of international sports.This paper combines a literature review with comparative analysis to examine the legal foundation,typical cases,and risks associated with the expansion of U.S.extraterritorial jurisdiction in the international sports field,as well as the corresponding countermeasures.The study finds that the FIFA corruption case represents the United States'initial application of its pre-existing extraterritorial jurisdiction to the sports domain.In contrast,the jurisdiction established by the Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act is specifically designed for the sports field.The expansion of U.S."extraterritorial jurisdiction"into the realm of sports poses challenges to the governance of international sports,international sports organizations,and sovereign nations,including China.It is necessary to address these challenges through multiple approaches,such as international cooperation and legal measures.
作者
姜熙
JIANG Xi(School of Sports Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China)
出处
《西安体育学院学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期236-246,共11页
Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD338)
上海市东方英才计划资助项目。
关键词
体育
域外管辖权
体育法
反兴奋剂
sport
extraterritorial jurisdiction
sports law
anti-doping
