摘要
生成式人工智能(Generative AI)作为新一代通用技术,其对劳动力市场技能需求和收入分配格局的重塑效应,已成为数字经济时代的重要研究议题。本文基于“资本—技能互补”与偏向型技术变革理论框架,从劳动群体内部、劳资分配关系和区域要素配置三个递进维度,系统考察了生成式人工智能对收入分配的影响机制。研究发现:第一,生成式人工智能通过重塑劳动技能需求和转变工作任务属性,在“资本—技能互补”效应下,能够有效改善不同技能、任务和经验群体间的收入不平等,这一发现与国际经验证据高度吻合;第二,受部门间产出弹性和替代弹性差异的影响,生成式人工智能通过推动产业结构转型和生产要素流动,导致资本—劳动要素收入分配呈现显著的部门异质性;第三,得益于技能溢价和集聚效应的双重作用,生成式人工智能通过促进资本和劳动要素的跨区域流动配置,展现出缩小区域间收入差距的潜在可能。本文研究不仅有助于深化对生成式人工智能经济效应的理论认知,也为数字经济时代的收入分配政策制定提供重要参考,并对生成式人工智能应用情景下的前沿议题和未来研究方向进行展望,以期为人工智能技术影响劳动力市场收入分配的理论探索和经验考察提供有益参考和借鉴。
Generative Artificial Intelligence(Generative AI),as a new generation of general-purpose technology,has emerged as a crucial research topic in the digital economy era due to its transformative effects on labor market skill demands and income distribution patterns.This paper systematically examines the mechanisms through which Generative AI influences income distribution from three progressive dimensions:within labor groups,labor-capital distribution relations,and regional factor allocation,based on the theoretical framework of“capital-skill complementarity”and biased technological change.This paper reveals three key findings:First,by reshaping labor skill requirements and transforming job task attributes,Generative AI can effectively mitigate income inequality among groups with different skill levels,task types,and experience under the“capital-skill complementarity”effect,a finding that aligns well with international empirical evidence.Second,influenced by inter-sectoral differences in output elasticity and substitution elasticity,Generative AI drives industrial structure transformation and factor mobility,leading to significant sectoral heterogeneity in capital-labor income distribution.Third,benefiting from the dual effects of skill premiums and agglomeration,Generative AI demonstrates the potential to narrow regional income disparities by facilitating cross-regional mobility and allocation of capital and labor factors.This paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of Generative AI’s economic effects and provides valuable insights for income distribution policy-making in the digital economy era.Furthermore,it outlines frontier issues and future research directions in the context of Generative AI applications,offering useful references for theoretical exploration and empirical investigation of AI technology’s impact on labor market income distribution.
作者
曾晨语
魏下海
余玲铮
CHENYU ZENG;XIAHAI WEI;LINGZHENG YU(School of Economics and Finance,Huaqiao University)
出处
《产业经济评论》
2025年第3期82-102,共21页
Review of Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“就业优先导向下数字技术对我国就业的影响机制与政策路径研究”(批准号:22BJL075)的阶段性成果。
关键词
生成式人工智能
大语言模型
劳动力市场
收入分配
generative ai
large language model
labor market
income distribution
income inequality
