摘要
随着转基因耐除草剂作物在我国的试种推广,生产中急需其配套除草剂的应用技术。本研究在含DBN9936转化体转基因玉米田,研究了草甘膦在不同用药条件下对田间杂草的防除效果及对玉米的安全性;室内盆栽条件下研究了高剂量草甘膦土壤处理的除草活性。结果表明,在2022年田间高湿条件下施药,41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂除草效果优异,810、1080、1350、4320 g/hm^(2)剂量处理药后22 d,对田间马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、牛筋草Eleusine indica、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea、铁苋菜Acalypha australis等杂草总鲜重防效为99.6%~100.0%。在2023年田间干旱条件下施药,该药对杂草防效大幅下降,同等剂量处理药后23 d,对杂草总鲜重防效下降为86.9%、92.4%、95.1%、98.2%,对马唐、反枝苋防效较好,对牛筋草防效略低,对马齿苋、饭包草Commelina benghalensis的效果较差。两年数据表明,41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂试验剂量下对3~5叶期耐除草剂转基因玉米均安全,对杂草的防效均高于常规对照药剂52%烟嘧·莠去津可湿性粉剂702 g/hm^(2)处理。室内盆栽生物测定试验结果表明,草甘膦异丙胺盐原药600、1200、2400、4800、9600 g/hm^(2)剂量在杂草播后苗前土壤处理,对试验杂草未表现出明显的除草活性。
With the popularization of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops in our country,the application technology of their supporting herbicides is urgently needed in agricultural production.Field plot experiment was conducted to determine the control effect of glyphosate on different weeds and the safety of maize under different conditions in herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize fields.The herbicidal activity of high-dose glyphosate soil treatment was studied by pot bioassay method.The results showed that high weeding efficiency of glyphosate isopropylamine salt 41%AS was achieved when sprayed under high field humidity conditions in 2022.The fresh weight control efficacy was 99.6%-100.0%22 d after treatment at doses of 810,1080,1350 and 4320 g/hm^(2)of glyphosate on Digitaria sanguinalis,Eleusine indica,Amaranthus retroflexus,Portulaca oleracea and Acalypha australis.The control effect was sharply decreased when sprayed under low field humidity conditions in 2023.The fresh weight control efficacies were 86.9%,92.4%,95.1%and 98.2%23 d after treatment at same doses of glyphosate.D.sanguinalis and A.retroflexus were well controlled,then E.indica,while the control effects to P.oleracea and Commelina benghalensis were decreased.High safety was obtained of glyphosate for herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize in both years.The control effects of glyphosate were better than those of nicosulfuron·atrazine 52%wettable powder at doses of 702 g/hm^(2).Pot bioassay result showed that no obvious herbicidal activity was found to D.sanguinalis,E.indica,P.oleracea and C.bengalensis at doses of 600,1200,2400,4800 and 9600 g/hm^(2)of glyphosate in the soil treatment after weed sowing and before seedling emergence.
作者
李美
张佳
张玉
于凤阁
高兴祥
李健
林荣华
刘学
LI Mei;ZHANG Jia;ZHANG Yu;YU Fengge;GAO Xingxiang;LI Jian;LIN Ronghua;LIU Xue(Shandong Key Laboratory for Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Shandong Xinfeng Seeds Co.,Ltd.,Liaocheng 252411,China)
出处
《植物保护》
北大核心
2025年第3期379-387,共9页
Plant Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400500)。
关键词
草甘膦
耐除草剂转基因玉米
安全性
杂草
防效
glyphosate
herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize
safety
weed
control effect
