摘要
金元時期的王重陽叙事,不僅經歷了“自傳”與“他傳”兩個重要階段,而且還涉及他本人的詩詞、弟子們所作的追述,金元時期的相關碑刻、傳記,以及早期的圖像、畫傳、宫觀等諸多方面。在詩詞“自傳”中,王重陽的形象基本上還是一個普通高道。王重陽仙逝後,馬鈺等弟子做了許多神化王重陽的工作。自此,王重陽由“自傳”中的高道形象,初步過渡爲充滿宗教神性的祖師形象。詩詞“自傳”,以及追述與神化的内容,爲金元時期相關碑刻、傳記的書寫打下了良好的基礎。在此基礎上,他們也將王重陽的祖師形象塑造得更加豐滿。總之,從“自傳”到“他傳”,王重陽的叙事與形象塑造逐漸成熟。而隨著《金蓮正宗記》《七真仙傳》的修訂完成,不僅王重陽的叙事模式基本定型,而且全真仙傳的書寫典範也得以確立。此後的相關文獻,均没有超出它們的叙事框架。
During the Jin-Yuan period,Wang Chongyang's narratives underwent an important phase change,from his autobiography to the descriptions of others.Accordingly,these two states could be summarized as the“autobiographical”stage and the“biographical”stage.Specifically,the construction of his characterization also involved his own poems,the disciples’retrospectives,relevant tablets inscriptions,other hagiographies from the Jin and Yuan periods,iconography,painting biographies,and relevant Taoist temples.According to the self-description in his poems,Wang narrated himself as a Taoist adept.After his ascendance,his disciples engaged in the apotheosis of their belovedmasters.It was at this point that WangChongyang was preliminarily narrated as a master with a divine nature,instead of a profound Taoist practitioner as he had described himself at the beginning.The self-description in Wang's poems and the disciples’reminiscences provided the common background for the writing of subsequent inscriptions and biographies in Jin-yuan period,which helped to construct a more lively characterization and portrayal of Wang Chongyang as a Quanzhen Master.In summaries,Wang Chongyang's narrative and characterization gradually matured from the stage of“autobiography”to that of“biography”.When Jinlian Zhengzong Ji(金蓮正宗記,The Record of the Golden Lotus)and Qizhen Xianzhuan(七真仙傳,The Hagiography of the Seven True Immortals)were composed,the narrative pattern of Wang Chongyang was primarily established,as well as the writing paradigm of the Quanzhen Taoist Hagiographies.None of the subsequent literature stepped out of this narrative framework.
出处
《全真道研究》
2024年第1期26-42,225-226,共19页
Studies of Quanzhen Taoism
关键词
王重陽
叙事
自傳
形象嬗變
Wang Chongyang
Narration
Autobiography
Transmutation of Characterization
