摘要
数据的经济、人权、安全和主权等多元属性及相关问题复杂性导致各国规制跨境数据传输的价值理念、政策取向与路径方法存在重大分歧,成为隐形非关税壁垒。美国、欧盟等以自我价值取向和利益为基础,推进双边和区域贸易协定的俱乐部式规制集团,是国际治理分散化和WTO电子商务谈判不顺的根本原因,必须重塑WTO数字贸易国际治理的中心化地位。具体方向和路径为顺应法律多元主义,推进多中心治理;基于数据的人权属性推进个人隐私和国家安全一体化保护;结合政治和法律手段灵活规制国家安全例外。重视规制自主权和数据发展权的中国方案对于重塑WTO极为重要,应细化规制自主权和数据发展权的国际叙事,以建制性规则体系强化国际竞争力,拓展国际影响力。
The multi-dimensional nature of data and the complexity of related issues led to the vital differences in values,policy orientation and approaches of national regula-tion of trans-border data flows and constituted non-tariff trade barriers.The bilateral and regional trade agreement spurred by the United States and the European Union worsened the fragmentation,differentiation and insufficiency of international rules for digital trade.It is of imperative to re-direct the fragmented regulation into global governance and reshape the central status of WTO.The approaches are establishing multi-centered global govern-ance based the multi-dimensional nature of data;promoting the integrated protection of personal privacy and national security;and flexibly regulating national security exceptions by the combination of political and legal means.The WTO e-commerce negotiation is mainly among the cooperation and competition between China,the United States and the European Unions,and China's proposal emphasizing regulation autonomy and rights to de-velopment is important for the formation of rules on digital trade.To increase its interna-tional relevance,China's proposal shall be elaborated into a complete narrative and con-structive regulation system.
作者
吴晓丹
WU Xiaodan(Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing,100081)
