摘要
固体酸是一类制备过程简单、环境污染小且催化活性高的催化材料,在烷基化、异构化和酯化反应等多种化学过程中表现出卓越的催化活性.然而,其稳定性不足和再生活性低下的问题,很大程度上制约了其在大规模工业生产中的应用.因此,开发兼具高活性和高稳定性的新型固体酸催化剂具有极其重要的研究价值和意义.本综述介绍了常用固体酸催化剂的概念、分类、合成方法以及表征技术,并引入一些经过稀土改性的固体酸催化剂的应用研究进展.本综述主要着重于研究固体酸催化剂酸性质对于催化性能的影响(如酸强度、酸含量、酸位点种类等),而不是传统的物化性质(如比表面积、晶相、表面形貌等).最后,对固体酸催化剂的发展前景进行了展望.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies, the commonly used liquid acid catalysts in traditional chemical production processes are facing the pressure of elimination or substitution due to their high corrosiveness, difficulty in recycling and potential environmental impact. Solid acids, renowned for their straightforward preparation, minimal ecological footprint, and exceptional catalytic prowess, have become the focus of scientific research and industrial attention. Currently, solid acid catalysts have been proven to be efficient in catalyzing diverse chemical reactions such as alkylation, isomerization, and esterification reactions. Nevertheless, their extensive industrial adoption is significantly hindered by the challenges of suboptimal stability and limited reusability. Developing advanced solid acid catalysts with high activity and stability is of great value and significance in both theoretical research and experimental exploration. A significant amount of notable fundamental research has been devoted to overcoming these limitations, and this review summarizes the scientific and technological work dedicated to preparing efficient solid acid catalysts. At the same time, we highlight the importance of rare earth elements for modification of solid acid catalysts due to their unique multi-electronic bonding and coordinated variability nature, which can have a positive effect on the structural evolution of acid catalysts, thereby improving the activity and stability of solid acid catalysts. This review initially presents concept, classification, synthesis methods and characterization of commonly used solid acid catalysts. Beyond that, we introduce the represented research progress of rare earth elements modified solid acid catalysts. The main emphasis of this review is investigating the contribution of acid properties to the catalytic performance (e.g., acid strength, acid content, type of acid sites, etc.), rather than the traditional physical and chemical properties (e.g., specific surface area, crystalline structure, morphology, etc.). Finally, we present the challenges of the existing catalytic systems and prospects of this field.
作者
张宇
张睿
王子健
汪啸
宋术岩
张洪杰
Yu Zhang;Rui Zhang;Zijian Wang;Xiao Wang;Shuyan Song;Hongjie Zhang(State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022;School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026;Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)
出处
《化学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期152-169,共18页
Acta Chimica Sinica
基金
国家科技重大专项基金(2022YFB350400)
国家自然科学基金(22020102003,22025506,22271274,U23A20140)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230101022JC)资助。
关键词
固体酸
催化剂
合成
表征
稀土
solid acid
catalyst
synthesis
characterization
rare earth
