摘要
目的探索不同性别≥60岁人群人体成分指标和肌肉分布随年龄的变化规律,为增龄相关退行性疾病的预防提供线索。方法以2018—2020年在河南省某三甲医院进行人体成分检测的≥60岁人群为研究对象,根据生物电阻抗原理,采用人体成分分析仪测定其人体成分,分析身体水分、蛋白质、无机盐、体脂肪、体脂百分比、骨骼肌和体质量指数(BMI)等人体成分指标以及各节段肌肉量在不同性别和年龄组的分布特征。结果共检测≥60岁体检人群6589人,其中男性4266人(64.7%),女性2323人(35.3%)。Pearson相关分析显示,身体水分、蛋白质、无机盐和骨骼肌量与年龄呈负相关(P<0.05),体脂百分比与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05);体脂肪量与年龄无相关性(P>0.05)。肌肉减少检出率为21.9%,其中,男性为21.3%,女性为23.2%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.087,P>0.05);60~<70岁、70~<80岁和≥80岁年龄组肌肉量减少检出率分别为13.0%、27.2%和51.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=720.717,P<0.05)。≥80岁与60~<70岁年龄组比较,右上肢、左上肢、躯干、右下肢和左下肢的平均肌肉量,男性分别下降18.2%、18.0%、14.2%、11.0%和11.0%,女性分别下降15.1%、15.2%、12.4%、14.7%和14.7%。右上肢、左上肢和躯干的肌肉比率女性分别为(96.998±11.781)%、(95.085±11.728)%和(97.530±7.568)%,分别高于男性的(92.056±11.005)%、(89.365±10.613)%和(93.833±7.561)%(P均<0.05);右下肢、左下肢肌肉比率男性分别为(93.101±9.040)%和(92.615±8.872)%,分别高于女性的(89.408±9.996)%和(89.228±9.638)%(P均<0.05)。结论随年龄增加,除体脂肪外老年人各人体成分指标均出现减少。老年男性和女性各节段肌肉减少特征不一致,老年男性需特别注意双上肢及躯干,老年女性需特别注意双下肢肌肉减少的预防。
Objective To explore the sex-specific change patterns of body composition and muscle distribution in the people aged≥60 years old receiving physical examination,and provide the clue for the prevention of age-related degenerative diseases.Methods The people aged≥60 years old from 2018 to 2020 in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Henan province were selected as the participants.According to the principle of bioelectrical impedance,the human componeat analyzer was used to determine the human body composition The distribution characteristics of body composition indexes including body water,protein,inorganic salt,body fat,percentage of body fat,skeletal muscle,body mass index(BMI)and muscle mass of each segment in different gender and age groups were analyzed.Results A total of 6589 people aged≥60 years old receiving physical examination were tested,including 4266 males(64.7%)and 2323 females(35.3%).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the values of body water,protein,inorganic salts and skeletal muscle were negatively correlated with age(P<0.05),while the percentage of body fat was positively correlated with age(P<0.05);there was no correlation between the value of body fat and age(P>0.05).The detection rate of muscle reduction was 21.9%.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of muscle loss between males(21.3%)and females(23.2%)(χ^(2)=3.087,P>0.05).The detection rates of muscle loss in the groups aged 60-<70 years,70-<80years and≥80 years were 13.0%,27.2%and 51.1%,respectively,having significant difference among them(χ^(2)=720.717,P<0.05).Compared with the age group aged 60-<70 years,the average muscle mass of the right upper limb,left upper limb,trunk,right lower limb and left lower limb in the group aged≥80 years decreased by 18.2%,18.0%,14.2%,11.0%and 11.0%for males and 15.1%,15.2%,12.4%,14.7%and 14.7%,respectively.The muscle ratios of right upper limb,left upper limb and trunk in females were(96.998±11.781)%,(95.085±11.728)%and(97.530±7.568)%,respectively,all significantly higher than those in males(92.056±11.005)%,(89.365±10.613)%and(93.833±7.561)%(all P<0.05);the muscle ratios of right lower limb and left lower limb in males were(93.101±9.040)%and(92.615±8.872)%,respectively,significantly higher than those in females(89.408±9.996)%and(89.228±9.638)%(all P<0.05).Conclusions Most body composition indexes decreased with age except body fat.The characteristics of muscle loss in all segments were inconsistent between elderly males and females.Elderly male should pay more attention to the prevention of upper limbs and trunk reduction,and elderly female should pay more attention to the prevention of lower limbs muscle reduction.
作者
孙经
赵妍娟
文静
许桢
焦翠
顿艳婷
SUN Jing;ZHAO Yanjuan;WEN Jing;XU Zhen;JIAO Cui;DUN Yangting(department of nutrition,fuwai central china cardiovascular hospital,zhengzhou,Henan 451460,China;henan provincial people'shospital;children's heart center,fuwai central china cardiovascular hospital,zhengzhou,Henan 451460,China)
出处
《现代疾病预防控制》
2025年第2期88-92,102,共6页
MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
基金
河南省医学科技攻关联合共建项目(LHGJ20200087)。
关键词
老年
人体成分
生物电阻抗
肌肉减少症
Old age
Human body composition
Bioelectrical impedance
Sarcopenia
