摘要
随着数字经济的快速发展,企业的研发策略和创新模式发生了深刻变化。本文研究一种新涌现的创新模式——精准创新,即消费者大数据驱动企业精准研发以改进产品的创新模式。为此,本文构建了企业获取数据和应用数据创新的两阶段动态博弈模型,从理论上研究精准创新模式的微观传导机制及其福利后果。研究发现:与无大数据支持的传统创新模式相比,精准创新不一定会提高创新效率和社会福利,只有当数据驱动创新的效果较大时才会如此;随着数据驱动创新效果不断增强,研发投入会持续增加,创新效率有可能先下降后上升,最后达到社会最优水平,同时社会福利会一直提高;数据通过创新产生的收益,总体上更多地分配给了消费者;在企业应用数据创新的阶段,当数据创新效果较大时,数据收益则完全分配给了企业。本文的发现有助于理解数字经济时代的新型创新模式,并且可以为政府设计促进企业创新和保护消费者福利的政策提供理论指导。
With the rapid development of the digital economy, the mode and strategies of firms' innovation have changed profoundly. This paper analyzes a new mode of innovation called precision innovation, where consumer big data drive firms to conduct precise research and development(R&D) to improve products. In fact, precision innovation is a data-driven decision-making process. Firms first need to acquire a large amount of consumer data, apply the data to infer consumer preferences, and then conduct precise R&D. This paper theoretically provides a micro-mechanism for precision innovation and derives the welfare consequences.We construct a two-stage dynamic game theoretical model to study precision innovation. In the first stage, which is called the data acquisition stage, two firms compete for market shares through pricing strategies, then obtaining consumer data. In the second stage, which is called the data utilization stage, by analyzing these data, firms identify different consumer segments, accurately estimate their preferences, and conduct precision innovation. This allows firms to offer products with different levels of innovation to different consumer groups. Through precision innovation, firms better meet consumer demands, enhance their competitive advantages, and choose optimal strategies for innovation and pricing to com-pete.The paper finds that compared with traditional innovation which is not data-driven, precision innovation does not necessarily improve innovation efficiency and social welfare. Only when the data-driven innovation effect is sufficiently large can it do so. As the data-driven innovation effect increases, the R&D investment will increase, while the innovation efficiency may first decrease and then increase, and finally reach the social optimal level. Meanwhile, the social welfare increases. The total economic payoff generated by data through innovation is distributed more to consumers. In the stage of data utilization, when the data-driven innovation effect is small enough, a greater fraction of data factors' economic payoff provided by precision innovation is allocated to consumers;otherwise, the total economic payoff is allocated to firms.We also discuss a hotly discussed policy— data sharing— in the framework of our model. We find that data sharing increases innovation efficiency and consumer surplus, but only when product differentiation is large and the data-driven innovation effect is small can data sharing increase social welfare.The conclusions of this paper provide insights for governments to implement policies that promote innovation and protect consumer welfare in the digital economy era. First, policies should be designed to fully leverage the advantages of precision innovation driven by data. Second, laws and regulations for consumer protection should take into account the changes in consumer welfare in both the data acquisition and utilization stages. Third, the regulation of data-sharing practices needs to take into account important characteristics such as industry features and firms' digital capabilities. Fourth, in the digital economy era, when formulating regulatory policies on consumer data, the government should not only consider consumer rights and interests but also recognize the critical role of consumer data in driving innovation.The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it links consumer data with firm innovation, studying the precision innovation mode and revealing the micro-mechanism of precision innovation driven by consumer big data. Since there is insufficient literature on this topic, this study is of great significance for understanding the mode of datadriven innovation in the digital economy era. Second, this paper studies the impact of precision innovation on total social welfare and the distribution of economic payoffs generated by data through innovation between firms and consumers, as well as their intertemporal allocation. This provides important guidance for designing policies on social welfare. Third, this paper refines the research on the mechanisms of data elements from the perspective of consumer data-driven innovation, offering a new perspective on the role of data factors and providing a micro foundation for macroeconomic studies on data factors. Fourth, the conclusions of the model and the study on data-sharing policies can provide theoretical guidance for the government in making policies to promote innovation and protect consumers in the digital economy era.
作者
尹振东
马昕
龚雅娴
尹志锋
YIN Zhendong;MA Xin;GONG Yaxian;YIN Zhifeng(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics)
出处
《经济研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期177-193,共17页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274231)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的阶段性成果。
关键词
精准创新
消费者数据
数据要素
Precision Innovation
Consumer Data
Data Factors
