摘要
武陵洞蛭(Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis)是中国洞蛭属(Sinospelaeobdella)的模式种,生活在环境条件较为稳定的溶洞深处,吸食洞栖性蝙蝠的血液,在洞顶壁完成其全部生活史,属于真洞穴动物。为了探究武陵洞蛭是否具有专吸蝠血性, 2022年8月至2023年8月按季度在湘西州境内已发现有武陵洞蛭栖息的6个溶洞中进行微生境特征数据和样品采集,利用血餐iDNA技术对106条武陵洞蛭的寄主物种进行鉴定,结果显示:1)该蛭种通常栖息在潮湿、粗糙及岩屑(或泥屑)厚度为0.2~0.4 cm的洞顶壁,其种群分布点通常是蝙蝠的常栖点;2)其寄主组成为翼手目动物5科5属11种,中华菊头蝠(Rhinolophus sinicus)、大蹄蝠(Hipposideros armiger)和西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium)是其主要的吸血对象;3)武陵洞蛭各群体的食物多样性指数和生态位宽度基本上均低于总体水平,冬季的食物多样性指数和生态位宽度均高于其他季节。总之,武陵洞蛭主要分布在蝙蝠常栖点附近的洞顶壁,因长期适应于溶洞生活,其食性已发生特化,已演化出专门吸食蝙蝠血液的行为生态习性。因此,对武陵洞蛭专吸蝠血性的深入研究将有助于探究蛭类动物食物多样性的演化路径,揭示吸血性蛭类食性演化的行为生态机制。
Wuling cave leeches(Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis),the type species of Sinospelaeobdella as well as a kind of troglobites,live with cave-dwelling bats in some karstic caves of relatively stable environmental conditions.They feeds on the blood of cave-dwelling bats,and live in the roof of the caves at all their lives.To explore the exclusively-batblood-sucking of the leeches,from August 2022 to August 2023,appropriate samples and relevant data of micro-habitat characteristics were collected by conventional ways in six caves of S.wulingensis in Xiangxi Tujiazu and Miaozu Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province,and a total of 106 host bloodmeal samples of S.wulingensis were identified by iDNA technology.The results showed that:1)The cave leeches usually inhabited some wet and rough cave ceilings,which have a 0.2~0.4 cm thick layer of rock/mud debris,and the population distribution of the leeches was closely related to the roost sites of cave-dwelling bats;2)The hosts of the cave leeches included 11 species from 5 genera and 5 families of Chiroptera,among which Rhinolophus sinicus,Hipposideros armiger and Myotis altarium were the main blood supplier;3)The food diversity index and niche breadth of each S.wulingensis population were lower than the overall levels,while these characteristic indicators in winter were higher than those in other seasons.In conclusion,Wuling cave leeches are mainly distributed in the cave roof near where bats often roost.Due to long-term adaptation to cave life,they have evolved a specialized feeding habit and ecological behavior,that is,exclusively-batblood-sucking.Further studying the bat blood-sucking nature of the leeches will help to explore the evolutionary path of leech food diversity and reveal the behavioral ecological mechanism of haematophagous leech feeding habits.
作者
吴清姐
向冬琴
向海洋
廖金屏
李金美
刘志霄
WU Qingjie;XIANG Dongqin;XIANG Haiyang;LIAO Jinping;LI Jinmei;LIU Zhixiao(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan,China)
出处
《生命科学研究》
CAS
2024年第3期247-257,共11页
Life Science Research
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32160241)
国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作与交流项目(31961123003)委托子项目
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30554)
吉首大学研究生科技创新项目(Jdy22062)。
关键词
武陵洞蛭
血餐
iDNA技术
洞栖性蝙蝠
专吸蝠血性
Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis
bloodmeal
iDNA technology
cave-dwelling bat
exclusively-batblood-sucking
