摘要
武陵洞蛭(Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis)是一种具有特殊食性的真洞穴动物,研究其模式产地的动物群落结构特征及其食物关系具有重要的洞穴生态生物学与保护生物学意义。2022年9月至2023年8月,对武陵洞蛭模式产地(水牛洞)进行了每月1次的动物种类与数量调查,并运用生物多样性指数和同位素技术等方法对动物群落的结构特征及武陵洞蛭的营养级进行了分析,结果表明:1)全年共记录到洞穴动物45种,隶属于6门15纲26目41科42属;2)洞穴裸灶螽是全年的优势种;3)同期的不同光带之间和同光带的不同期之间的物种数与个体数具有明显差异;4)黑暗带的香农-维纳多样性指数和丰富度指数在同期明显高于其他光带,有光带的均匀度指数较高而优势度指数较低,弱光带的优势度指数较高而均匀度指数较低;5)影响武陵洞蛭种群数量的主要气象因子是空气湿度;6)武陵洞蛭的主要天敌可能是洞穴裸灶螽、马陆、田氏等伪蝎和粗糙鼠妇,其营养级为3.05。本文可为蛭类进化生物学的深入研究和洞穴生物多样性的保护提供基础资料。
Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis is a troglobite with special feeding habits.It is of a great significance to investigate the characteristics of animal community structure and food relationships in the type locality(Shuiniu cave)of this species for cave ecobiology and conservation biology.From September 2022 to August 2023,monthly surveys on animal species and populations were conducted in the cave.The characteristics of animal community structure and the trophic level of S.wulingensis were analyzed using biodiversity indices and isotopic techniques.The main results were as follows:1)A total of 45 species of cave animals were recorded,belonging to 42 genera,41 families,26 orders,15 classes and 6 phyla;2)The most common dominant species was Diestrammena caverna all around the year;3)The number of species and individuals of cave animals had obvious differences between different light zones during the same period and within the same light zone across different periods;4)The Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index in the dark zone were significantly higher than those in other light zones during the same period.The light zone exhibited a higher Pielou index but a lower Simpson index,while the weak light zone showed a higher Simpson index but a lower Pielou index;5)Air humidity was the main meteorological factor affecting the population size of S.wlingensis;6)The natural enemies of S.wulingensis might be D.caverna,millipedes,Parobisium tiani and Porcellio scaber,with a trophic level of 3.05.This study provides foundational data for the further research on the evolutionary biology of leeches and the conservation of cave biodiversity.
作者
邓华娟
徐金屏
刘志霄
DENG Huajuan;XU Jinping;LIU Zhixiao(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan,China)
出处
《生命科学研究》
2025年第3期234-246,共13页
Life Science Research
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32160241)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30554)。
关键词
武陵洞蛭
模式产地
群落结构
食物关系
生物多样性指数
同位素技术
Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis
type locality
community structure
food relationship
biodiversity index
isotopic technique
