摘要
武陵洞蛭(Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis)是中国洞蛭属(Sinospelaeobdella)的模式种,以洞栖性蝙蝠的血液为食,属于真洞穴蛭类。2021年8月-2022年8月,对湖南省湘西州三个代表性溶洞中武陵洞蛭的种群数量、空间分布、微生境特征及其种群动态的影响因素进行了逐月调查,采用灰色系统关联度分析等方法进行数据分析,研究结果如下:①在该年周期内,共观察记录到武陵洞蛭3575条次,新鲜卵茧318个次;②洞蛭全年均可交配产卵,没有明显的繁殖季节,但2-4月份幼体数量较多,5-7月份亚成体的数量较多,而8-11月份成体数量较多;③卵的孵化期约为3个月,9-10月份是成体生产卵茧的高峰期,而次年的1-2月份是幼体从卵茧中孵出的高峰期;④武陵洞蛭喜栖于黑暗潮湿、温湿度相对稳定、岩屑较薄的洞顶壁及侧壁,在蝙蝠的常栖点附近可形成稳定的种群;⑤在其微生境的各生态因子中,湿球温度(衡量空气湿度的一项重要指标)对其种群数量的影响最大,其种群动态与蝙蝠的类群动态密切相关。结论:武陵洞蛭对溶洞中的微生境有特殊需求,其种群动态是各种生态因子综合作用的结果,但主要的影响因素是湿球温度和蝙蝠的类群动态,它们长期适应于溶洞生活,已演化成为依赖于洞栖性蝙蝠而生存和繁衍的真洞穴动物。
Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis,the type species of Sinospelaeobdella,is a unique new species of troglobites exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats.From August 2021 to August 2022,a monthly investigation was carried out into the population size,spatial distribution,microhabitat characteristics and population dynamic impact factors about this species in three representative karstic caves of Xiangxi Prefecture,Hunan Province,China,and the relevant data were analyzed by method of Grey System Correlation Analysis,etc..The main results were as follows:①A total of 3575 individual-by-time live leeches and 318 individual-by-time fresh cocoons were recorded in the annual cycle;②These cave leeches could mate and lay cocoons all year round,and there was no obvious reproduction season,inspite of the young number being more from February to April(accounting for 59.42%of all the youngs observed),the subadult number more from May to July(33.08%of all the subadults observed),and the adult number more from August to November(64.07%of all the adults observed);③The incubation period of cocoons was about 3 months,and the peaks for cocoon production and hatching out were mainly during September to October and during January to February of next year,respectively;④This species preferred to live in dark and damp microhabitats of relatively stable temperature and humidity as well as thin cuttings on ceilings of caves,and they could establish stable populations by the often-roostsites of cave-dwelling bats;⑤Among the ecological factors in their microhabitats,the wet-bulb temperature(an important index to measure air humidity)had the greatest impact on their population size,and the population dynamics were closely related to community dynamics of cave-dwelling bats.Conclusion:This leech species had special eco-needs for microhabitats in Karstic caves,and its population dynamics was a result of the combined effects of various ecological factors,but the main influencing factors were the wet-bulb temperature and colony dynamics of cave-dwelling bats.These leeches had been adapted to cave environments,and evolved into a peculiar troglobite completely depending on cave-dwelling bats.
作者
吴清姐
伍丽艳
向冬琴
向海洋
程小洁
刘志霄
WU Qingjie;WU Liyan;XIANG Dongqin;XIANG Haiyang;CHENG Xiaojie;LIU Zhixiao(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;Jinjiang Middle School of Mayang Miao Autonomous County,Huaihua 419400,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第15期7670-7679,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160241)
国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作与交流项目(31961123003)委托子项目
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30554)。
关键词
武陵洞蛭
种群动态
微生境
洞栖性蝙蝠
真洞穴动物
Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis
population dynamics
microhabitat
cave-dwelling bats
troglobite
