摘要
2003年国务院《婚姻登记条例》通过后,在实践层面取消了强制婚检制度,而母婴保健相关立法仍要求在婚姻登记前进行婚检,两者长期存在的冲突引发学界关注。《民法典》实施后,其作为调整民事关系的基本法律,为重构婚检法律制度提供了新的思路。从历史维度看,新中国婚姻登记制度以法治运动引导规则和实践变迁;在规范层面,婚检制度与婚姻登记中禁止性要件规定相关联。当《民法典》不再将身体疾病作为禁止结婚要件后,婚姻登记机关通过婚检干涉宪法上婚姻自由的正当性难以证成。为服务优生法治化的目标,建立婚前健康咨询、免费自愿婚检、个人声明制度等,保障当事人建立婚姻关系时的意思自治,是《民法典》实施背景下婚检法律制度构建的正当方式。
The Regulation on Marriage Registration promogulated by the State Council in 2003 abolished compulsory premarital examination,while the relevant maternal and child health care laws still required a compulsory examination before marriage registration.The conflict between these legislations lasted for a long time.Since the Civil Code came into force in 2021 as the fundamental law in the civil field,the framework for premarital examination would be restructured accordingly.Historically,premarital examination is related to a set of policies,but maternal and child health care does not necessarily require premarital screening.The unlawful marriages are usually relevant to it.Since the Civil Code has already deleted the health-related forbidden marriages,premarital examination is thus hardly justified now.The legislators should not intrude the freedom of marriage in this way.To restructure a valid and appropriate mechanism,the legislators may consider establishing the premarital counseling,providing free medical examinations on a voluntary basis,and requiring a system of personal declarations.
出处
《苏州大学学报（法学版）》
CSSCI
2024年第1期2-13,共12页
Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition
关键词
强制婚检
婚姻自由
无效婚姻
禁止结婚要件
Compulsory Premarital Examination
Freedom of Marriage
Invalid Marriage
Forbidden Marriages
