摘要
辅助生殖技术的适用不可避免,但所引发的伦理困境也必须解决。伦理困境之表现可以区分为四类:能否筛选基因以获得救命宝宝,编辑基因以获得完美后代这一涉及基因的伦理困境;如何确定后代出生前的胚胎的定性,后代出生后的知情权的保护这一涉及后代的伦理困境;能否允许单身女性与丧偶女性使用辅助生殖技术这一涉及主体的伦理困境;应否有限放开代孕这一涉及代孕的伦理困境。为解决这四大困境,应当在满足“儿童保护”的前提下,实现“利他目的”;应当发现传统观念与当代思维,对于单亲家庭的不同看法;应当明了“权利处分行为”是否会影响“侵犯人类尊严”的判断。具体而言,可以引入公众讨论渠道,决定对部分辅助生殖技术的适用与否和具体规则;然后基于社会基础的变化与女性经济实力的上升,否定传统观念对单亲家庭的不利看法,指出单身女性与丧偶女性使用辅助生殖技术的合理性;最后在探讨伦理性质与法律规定的相互影响下,确认“权利处分”不能作为行使代孕这一有违人类尊严的行为的辩护理由,应维持全面禁止代孕的现有立场。
The application of assisted reproductive technology is inevitable,but the resulting ethical dilemmas must also be resolved.The manifestations of ethical dilemmas can be divided into four categories:the ethical dilemma involving genes:whether it is possible to screen genes to obtain life-saving babies and edit genes to create perfect offspring is an ethical dilemma involving genes;how to determine the quality of the embryos before the birth of the offspring,and the protection of the right to know after the birth of the offspring;the ethical dilemma involving subjects:whether single women and widowed women can be allowed to use assisted reproductive technology;the ethical dilemma involving surrogacy:whether surrogacy should be liberalized in a limited way.In order to solve these four dilemmas,“altruistic purposes”should be achieved on the premise of“child protection”;different views on single-parent families between traditional concepts and contemporary thinking should be recognized;it should be clear whether the“disposition of rights”will affect the judgment of“violation of human dignity”.Specifically,public discussion channels can be introduced to decide whether or not to apply certain assisted reproductive technologies and specific rules;then,based on the change of social foundation and the rise of women's economic strength,it is necessary to deny the unfavorable view of traditional concept on single-parent families,and point out that it is rationale for single women and widowed women to use assisted reproductive technology;finally,under the discussion of the interplay between the ethical nature and legal provisions,it is confirmed that“disposition of rights”cannot be used as a justification for exercising surrogacy and an act that violates human dignity.The current position of comprehensive prohibition of surrogacy should be maintained.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2023年第3期112-125,共14页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
英国驻华使馆国际合作基金“中国生命伦理法立法咨询研究”阶段性成果。
关键词
辅助生殖技术
伦理规制
基因编辑
死后人工生殖
代孕
assisted reproductive technology
ethical regulation
gene editing
posthumous artificial reproduction
surrogacy
