摘要
杂草是引起作物减产的重要农业有害生物之一。基因重组技术为培育转基因耐除草剂作物提供了有力的手段,耐除草剂作物的种植也为农民带来了更多的除草选择,在扩大杀草谱、提高除草效果、提高作物安全性、改善环境和简化栽培模式等方面起到了推动作用。美国、巴西、阿根廷和加拿大等国家的转基因作物应用率接近饱和。以耐草甘膦为代表的耐除草剂作物商业化为种植国带来了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。在转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项资金支持下,我国将生物技术应用于耐除草剂作物育种,研发出了多个抗虫/耐除草剂玉米、耐除草剂大豆转化体。其中,‘DBN9936’‘DBN958’‘中黄6106’等含有耐除草剂基因的11个玉米转化体和3个大豆转化体获得农业转基因生物生产应用安全证书。试点种植结果显示,上述转化体配套使用草甘膦除草效果好、增产和节本,有利于大豆-玉米带状复合种植和后茬作物轮作倒茬。本文在概述杂草防控对耐除草剂作物需求的基础上,总结了耐除草剂作物研发与试验种植进展,论述了耐除草剂作物在我国的应用前景,以期为我国转基因耐除草剂作物的目标除草剂使用与管理提供参考。
Weed is one of the important agricultural pests that causes reduction of crop yield.The discovery of recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful method to develop genetically modified(GM)herbicide-tolerant crops,and the cultivation of herbicide-tolerant crops also brings more weeding options for farmers,which plays a promoting role in expanding the weeding spectrum,enhancing the control efficacy,raising the crop safety,improving the environment and simplifying the cultivation models,etc..The usages of GM crops in the United States,Brazil,Argentina,Canada and other countries is near saturation.The commercialization of herbicide-tolerant crops represented by glyphosate-tolerant crops has brought significant economic,social and ecological benefits to farmers in countries planting GM crops.With the support of the major special fund for national GMO new variety breeding program of PRC,biotechnologies are applied to the breeding of herbicide-tolerant crops in order to develop various insect/herbicide-tolerant corn and herbicide-tolerant soybean events in China.Among them,11 types of maize events and 3 types of soybean events containing herbicide-tolerant genes,such as'DBN9936''DBN9858'and'Zhonghuang 6106',obtained approvals of agricultural GMOs safety certificate(for cultivation use)issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC.The results of demonstration showed that application of the above events matched with glyphosate had excellent weeding effect,increased yield and saved cost,and contributed to soybean-corn intercropping pattern and crop rotation.Based on overview of the demands of herbicide-tolerant crops for weed prevention and control,the study summarized the progress on development and experimental planting of herbicide-tolerant crops and discussed prospect for the application of herbicide-tolerant crops in China,aiming to provide reference for application and management of target herbicide on GM herbicide-tolerant crops.
作者
李香菊
LI Xiangju(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing100193,China)
出处
《现代农药》
CAS
2023年第1期5-10,共6页
MODERN AGROCHEMICALS
基金
科技创新2030-重大项目(2022ZD0402102)。
关键词
转基因
耐除草剂作物
草甘膦
商业化种植
genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crop
glyphosate
commercial planting
