摘要
转基因作物的培育和应用是人类提高农业生产能力的关键技术,目前已成功培育的转基因作物种类包括耐除草剂、抗虫、抗病、抗逆和复合性状转基因作物。转基因作物可有效减少杀虫剂和杀菌剂等农药的施用,提高作物的产量和品质。然而,转基因作物中也存在农药残留风险,主要集中在除草剂应用方面。转基因耐除草剂作物在农产品中的农药残留状况需要得到关注。由于不同转基因作物对除草剂的耐性作用机制存在差异,除草剂在农产品中形成污染的组成成分也有所区别,因此不同转基因耐除草剂作物具有不同的除草剂残留监测对象。本文对转基因作物的发展及应用现状进行综述,并对转基因耐除草剂作物的农药残留及风险监测进行概括,以期为转基因作物的合理利用和安全管理提供参考。
The cultivation and application of transgenic crops is the key technology for human beings to improve the agricultural production capacity.At present,transgenic crops that have been successfully cultivated include herbicide-tolerant,insect-resistant,disease-resistant,stress-resistant and stacked transgenic crops.Transgenic crops can effectively reduce the application of pesticide,e.g.insecticide and fungicides,and improve the yield and quality of crops.However,applying herbicide is the main cause of pesticide residues risk of transgenic crops.The situation of pesticide residue of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops in agricultural products needs attention.Due to the differences in the tolerant mechanism of transgenic crops among various herbicides,the components of pollution generated from herbicides in agricultural products will be different as well.Therefore,different transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops have different monitoring objects for herbicide residues.This paper reviewed the development and application status of transgenic crops,and summarized pesticide residues and risk monitoring of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops in order to provide reference for rational utilization and safety management of transgenic crops.
作者
沈超
潘兴鲁
吴小虎
徐军
董丰收
郑永权
SHEN Chao;PAN Xinglu;WU Xiaohu;XU Jun;DONG Fengshou;ZHENG Yongquan(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100193,China)
出处
《现代农药》
CAS
2023年第1期20-26,共7页
MODERN AGROCHEMICALS
基金
国家自然科学基金(32172465)。
关键词
转基因作物
耐除草剂
农药残留
风险监测
transgenic crop
herbicide tolerance
pesticide residue
risk monitoring
