摘要
我国尾矿库数量、尾矿库灾害事故发生频次均居世界前列。尾矿库安全监测技术能及时测量并提供反映尾矿库安全运行状况的第一手信息和数据,能管控尾矿库当前运行状况,评估预测未来风险发展,从而科学地指导尾矿库生产运行,预防和减少发生事故灾害和环境污染。随着我国对尾矿库安全的日益重视,尾矿库安全监测的重要性日益提升,尾矿库安全监测技术也随之迅速发展。我国尾矿库安全监测技术发展经历了初级阶段、中级阶段和高级阶段,而尾矿库安全监测技术标准也相应逐步发展和完善,从最初的标准缺失到标准体系逐步构建,对标准的推广使用也从机械照搬、教条主义发展到因地制宜、理论联系实际;从人工监测、自动化监测逐步发展智能监测,监测效率和监测精度日益提升;监测设备也随着社会和经济的发展而日新月异,新的科技成果不断纳入。目前,我国尾矿库安全监测技术已进入一个良好的发展时期,在全国范围内构建了一个强大的国家级尾矿库安全生产在线监测监控与预警大平台,为尾矿库灾害及时诊断和安全预警提供强大技术支撑,最大限度地消除尾矿库灾害事故的发生。
The number of tailings pond and frequency of disaster accidents of tailings ponds in China are ranked among the top in the world.The safety monitoring technology of tailings pond can be used to provide first-hand information and data reflecting the safety status of tailings pond in time,which can control the current operation of tailings pond,assess and predict the future risk development,guide the production operation of tailings pond in a scientific way,and prevent and reduce accidents,disasters and environmental pollution.With the increasing attention to the safety of tailings pond in China,the importance of safety monitoring of tailings pond is increasing,subsequently,the safety monitoring technology of tailings pond is also developing rapidly.The development of safety monitoring technology of tailings pond in China has gone through three stages:initial stage,middle stage and advanced stage.The standards on safety monitoring technology of tailings pond have also been gradually developed and improved,the technology is developed from the initial lack of standards to the gradual construction of the standard system.The promotion and application of standards have also developed from mechanical copying and dogmatism to adapting to local conditions and integrating theory with practice.The monitoring has been gradually developed from manual monitoring and automatic monitoring to intelligent monitoring,accordingly improving the monitoring efficiency and accuracy.The monitoring equipment is also changing with the development of society and economy,moreover,new scientific and technological achievements are also constantly incorporated.At present,China′s safety monitoring technology of tailings pond has entered a good development period.A powerful national-level online monitoring and early warning platform for safety production of tailings pond has been built nationwide,providing strong technical support for the timely diagnosis and safety early warning of tailings pond disasters,and eliminating the occurrence of tailings pond disasters and accidents to the maximum.
作者
沈楼燕
李连通
张超
罗嗣海
SHEN Louyan;LI Liantong;ZHANG Chao;LUO Sihai(China Nerin Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330031,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)
出处
《有色金属工程》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第1期121-126,共6页
Nonferrous Metals Engineering
关键词
尾矿库
安全监测
技术发展
在线监测
安全预警
tailings pond
safety monitoring
technology development
on-line monitoring
early warning of safety
