摘要
着眼于近年来我国不断攀升的离婚登记数量和粗离婚率以及劳动力市场中日益普遍的过度劳动状况,利用2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,从家庭内部视角探讨了过度劳动的婚姻冲击问题,并揭示过度劳动作用于家庭婚姻稳定的可能机制及其异质性影响。研究发现,家庭成员过度劳动会增加婚姻的不稳定性,特别是妻子一方过劳对家庭婚姻稳定的冲击更为显著,其影响既可以采用基于理性和经济优势的独立假说来进行解释,也可以采用时间限制下的工作—家庭冲突理论以及社会性别结构理论来解释。将劳动者当期的过度劳动状况与后期不同间隔年份的婚姻状况相匹配,结果显示过度劳动对婚姻稳定的破坏具有长期效应,尽管负面影响有所下降,但在一定时间内始终存在。相对而言,婚龄较短家庭以及农村家庭更易受到过度劳动的婚姻冲击,而与父辈共同居住则可以有效缓解过度劳动带来的离婚风险。进一步的机制分析发现,家庭分工效应是妻子一方过度劳动面临婚姻稳定冲击的可能影响路径,在我国社会性别角色约束下,家庭内部的传统分工模式仍很难打破。研究结论表明,在我国过度劳动对婚姻稳定的负面冲击确实存在,其中女性群体面临冲击时更加难以应对,如何有效帮助就业女性应对婚姻风险,促进工作家庭平衡成为需要重点关注的问题。
Focusing on the rising number of divorce registrations and the crude divorce rates in China in recent years, as well as the increasing prevalence of overwork in the labor market, this paper uses the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) 2010-2018, to discuss the marital impact of overwork from an internal family perspective. It also reveals the possible mechanisms of excessive labor on the stability of family marriage and its heterogeneity. Studies found that overwork by family members would increases marital instability. In particular, the wife side overfatigue is significant impact on family marriage stable, and its influence can be based on rational and economic advantages of independence hypothesis to explain, which can also be used under the time limit of work-family conflict theory and the theory of social gender structure interpretation. By matching the current period’s excessive labor status with the marital status of different interval years in the latter period, the results show that excessive labor has a long-term effect on the destruction of marital stability, and although the negative effect decreases, it always exists in a certain period of time. Relatively speaking, families with shorter marriage age and rural families are more vulnerable to the marital shock of overwork and living with parents can effectively alleviate the risk of divorce caused by overwork. Further mechanism analysis found that the effect of family division is a possible impact pathway of the wife’s excessive labor facing marriage stability impact. Under the constraints of gender roles in our country, the traditional division of labor pattern within the family remains difficult to break. The conclusion of the study shows that the negative impact of excessive labor on marriage stability does exist in China, and women are more difficult to cope with the impact. How to effectively help employed women deal with marital risks and promote work-family balance has become a key issue that needs to be focused on.
作者
宫倩楠
朱志胜
GONG Qiannan;ZHU Zhisheng(Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security,Beijing 100029,China;School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China)
出处
《人口与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期129-144,共16页
Population & Economics
关键词
过度劳动
家庭分工
婚姻稳定性
婚姻满意度
overwork
family division of labor
marital stability
marital satisfaction
