摘要
自二十世纪八十年代杂交瘤技术建立以来,抗体制备技术取得了长足的发展。抗体是由B淋巴细胞分泌的一种免疫球蛋白,因其能与受体特异性结合而产生许多生物学活性,如经典阻断作用、中和活性、激活补体、通过Fc受体对靶细胞产生杀伤作用和调节机体免疫活性等,在临床治疗中广泛应用。抗体技术的发展经历了鼠源性单克隆抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体和全人源单克隆抗体的漫长历程。从鼠源性抗体到全人源抗体的过渡中,实现了多种生物技术的突破,如抗体库技术、人源化小鼠技术和B细胞克隆技术等。如今,抗体药物在整个药物市场中拥有举足轻重的地位。十年来(2011年1月~2021年11月),已有78种单克隆抗体药物被FDA批准上市使用,广泛分布于肿瘤领域、免疫性疾病领域、抗病原体感染领域、神经系统和代谢性疾病领域。文章就单克隆抗体技术进展和抗体药物上市情况进行综述,为新型抗体的制备和药物靶点的选择提供了思路。
Since the establishment of hybridoma in the 1980 s,the antibody technology has achieved great development.Antibody is an immunoglobulin secreted by B lymphocytes,which produces many biological activity,such as blocking,neutralization,activation,kill target cells and regulate immune system via Fc receptor.The development of antibody technology has undergone a long history of mouse monoclonal antibodies,chimeric antibodies,humanized antibodies,and full human monoclonal antibodies.In the transition from mouse antibody to human antibody,a variety of biotechnology breakthroughs have been achieved,such as antibody library technology,humanized mouse technology and B cell cloning technology.Today,antibody drugs have a pivotal position throughout the drug market.Ten years come(2011.01~2021.11),78 monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for marketing by FDA,are widely distributed in the field of tumor disrases,immune diseases,anti-pathogen infections,nerves,etc.This article reviews monoclonal antibody technologies and antibody drug listing,and provides ideas for the preparation of new antibodies and the choice of drug target.
作者
牟大超
周轶
白秀峰
MOU Da-chao;ZHOU Yi;BAI Xiu-feng(Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610047,China)
出处
《药物生物技术》
CAS
2022年第1期87-94,共8页
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
