摘要
基于2016年中国家庭发展追踪调查数据,分析我国0~5周岁儿童养育成本中直接成本状况及地区差异,探究不同地区儿童直接养育成本占家庭总支出的比例及其影响因素。分析结果表明:2015年全年,所调查的家庭0~5周岁儿童平均直接养育成本为15187.5元,其中,食品支出、分娩支出和托幼费用是最重要的3项,合计占比高达63.5%。儿童直接养育成本占家庭总支出比重为31.8%,虽然不同地区之间儿童直接养育成本差异显著,但其占家庭总支出比重大致相同。此外,儿童性别、年龄、是否为独生子女、家庭居住地、父母外出情况和家庭年收入均是直接养育成本占家庭总支出比重的重要影响因素,但不同地区之间影响因素存在差异,影响程度也不尽相同。针对研究结果,从各地政府、社会机构和家庭不同层面提出相关对策建议。
Based on the data of 2016 Tracking Survey on Chinese Family Development,this paper analyzes the direct rearing cost of children aged 0-5 in China and its regional differences,and explores the proportion and influencing factors of the direct rearing cost in total family expenditure in different regions.It is found that in 2015,the average direct rearing cost on children aged 0-5 is 15187.5 yuan.Among them,food expenses,childbirth expenses and childcare expenses are the three most important items,accounting for up to 63.5%.The direct cost of raising children accounts for 31.8%in the total family expenditure.Although the direct cost of child-rearing varies significantly among different regions,it accounts for roughly the same proportion in the total family expenditure.In addition,children's gender,age,only child or not,family residence places,parents'going out or not,and family's annual income are significant factors influencing the level of the direct cost accounting total family expenditure.However,there are differences in influencing factors among different regions and the degree of influence is not the same.Finally,in response to the research results,the paper proposes some countermeasures and suggestions from different levels of local governments,social institutions and families.
作者
尹勤
汤玉荣
吴静飞
YIN Qin;TANG Yurong;WU Jingfei(School of Economics,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《人口与社会》
2021年第6期53-63,共11页
Population and Society
基金
江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目“江苏省儿童养育成本及对二孩生育意愿的影响研究”(SJCX20_0226)
江苏省人口发展研究课题“江苏省托育服务现状、需求及影响因素分析”。
关键词
中国家庭发展
儿童养育成本
生育支持政策
地区差异
Chinese family development
children rearing cost
birth support policy
regional difference
