摘要
"文明标准"是一个塑造国际法的经久不衰的概念。过去,文明标准经常被认为是使帝国主义规则法律化和将非欧洲国家从国际社会排除出去的法律学说。冷战后,文明标准在国际政治中强势回归。人权、自由市场和民主代议制现在经常被提及,为促使国家遵守共同规范与价值的国际压力做辩护。在对国际法中文明标准概念的历史进行回顾和反思之后,可得出如下结论:第一,文明标准一词让人们认识到,人类社会还存在改进的空间,但这个概念也可能会贬低其他组织社会、政治和经济生活方式的正当性。第二,为获得一个真正普遍的国际秩序,有必要将所谓"文明国家"这个过去与等级观念有关的概念与国际法未来发展的目标联系起来,促进文明间的对话并确保国际法取得更大的正当性。第三,文明标准不是新问题,但也不会过时。在当今世界,国家必须遵守人权、环境和国际贸易方面某些积极的标准,以便被国际社会认为是"文明的"。近些年,中国提出"人类命运共同体"和"文明互鉴"等一些新原则和价值观,并得到国际社会的普遍接受。作为既有国际秩序中的负责任大国,中国正在为全球治理和国际法的发展做出重大的贡献。
The standard of civilization is an enduring idea that shapes international law.Previously,the standard of civilization is most often identified as a legal doctrine that the legitimized imperialist rule and the exclusion of non-European states from international society.After the cold war,the standard of civilization has made a powerful return to international politics.Human rights,free markets,and the representative democratic systems are now routinely invoked to justify international pressure to make states comply with shared norms and values.After making a historical review and rethinking of the concept of civilization in international law,the following conclusions can be reached:firstly,the concept of standard of civilization can call us to realize the improvement within our own society while disparaging the legitimacy of other ways of organizing social,political,and economic life;secondly,to attain a truly universal international order,it is necessary to connect the concept of the so-called civilized nation that was previously related to hierarchy with the future development of international law,to promote dialogues among civilizations and ensure that the international law attains greater legitimacy;thirdly,the standard of civilization is not new,nor will it ever become old.Some standards of human rights,the environment and international trade are positive and must be followed for states to be considered civilized by the international community in the current world.In recent years,China proposed some new principles or values such as a community of shared future and mutual learning among civilizations,universally recognized by the international community.China’s emerging role of a responsible great power in the existing international order is making significant contributions to global governance and developing international law as the ultimate sign of civilization.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期1-18,202,共19页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
2016年国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国遵守WTO不利裁决的策略及其对国家声誉的影响研究”(16CFX071)。
