摘要
"身"与"心"的关系问题曾经被思想家们反复讨论,并以思想实验的方式进行过前瞻性构想。这些思想实验散见于思想家们的著作,并折射于文学、艺术作品中,又激发出了新的问题:基于科技无限发展基础之上的身心同一可能吗?身心同一是中国哲学的传统,"庄周梦蝶"是中国人审视身心关系的开端,这一开端确立了中国人尤其是中国道家对待身心关系的基本路向。与此相反,西方哲学一开始"身"与"心"是对立的,在经历了苏格拉底"认识你自己"的主客二分之后,这种二元对立的认知方式最终由笛卡尔的"我思故我在"正式确立。身心对立在普特南"缸中之脑"的思想实验中达到了极端:"身"与"心"之间很有可能存在着难以打破的隔离。但科技的飞速发展使我们面临一个新的思考:我们有没有可能借助科技的手段,达到"身"与"心"的同一?然而,虽然幻体之幻与真是对身心关系的一种突破,但是它却不能回答这个我们早已思索过的老问题:何谓"身"?我是谁?
The relationship between body and mind has been repeatedly discussed by thinkers and some prospective ideas have been formulated with thought experiments. These experiments, scattered in the works of thinkers and reflected in literary and artistic works, have triggered new questions: Is it possible for humans to maintain the identity of mind and body with the infinite development of science and technology? "ZHUANG Zhou’s dream of becoming a butterfly" is the beginning of Chinese people’s examination of the relationship between mind and body, and it establishes the basic idea for Chinese people, especially the Taoists, to treat the relationship between mind and body.In contrast, at the beginning of Western philosophy, body and mind were opposite. After Socrates’ subject-object dichotomy of "knowing yourself,"this binary cognitive mode was finally established by Descartes’ "I think, therefore I am". This conception of the opposition between mind and body was taken to an extreme in Putnam’s thought experiments of "the brain in a vat": there is probably a hard barrier between body and mind. However, the rapid development of science and technology poses us a new question: Is it possible for humans to achieve the identity of body and mind by means of technology? Although the illusion and the truth of the self/less is a breakthrough in the relationship between body and mind, it cannot answer the old questions which we have long thought about: What is the body? Who am I?
作者
朱光亚
ZHU Guang-ya(Philosophy Department,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200241;College of Marxism,Yango University,Fuzhou,Fujian,350015)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期145-152,共8页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
河南省教育厅人文社科研究项目“中西方哲学知识论中的‘形式化’研究”(2019-ZDJH-673)。
关键词
庄周梦蝶
我思故我在
缸中之脑
幻体
忒修斯之船
身心关系
ZHUANG Zhou’s dream of becoming a butterfly
I think
therefore I am
brain in a vat
self/less
the ship of Theseus
the relationship of body and mind
