摘要
"三权分置"是农村土地经营改革再出发,作为一项重大论题法学命题,反映了中国农村土地经营制度新的重大法律变革要求。民法典物权编抓住机遇,以因应时代发展的心智,在此前农村土地承包法作出法律化的基础上,更进一步,对"三权分置"作出法律体制化,并且创造性采取了新型协同财产权模式,这种变革值得关注。从内在价值功能来看,在保留坚持农村土地公有制和稳定农村家庭联产承包责任制既有两种功能基础上,添加承载了为适应农业现代化和集约化需要而推动土地经营更加市场化的新功能要求。这些功能形成了一种叠加共存关系。从法律形式上来说,除了集体土地所有权、土地承包经营权之外,通过更加市场化的自主流转方式从土地承包经营权派生分离出土地经营权。这是一种物权意义的权利,并因此确立了三种权利的多层协同架构。这种新型架构模式,对于传统物权理论形成巨大挑战,但从"时势造英雄"的角度来说,却又具有合乎时宜和实际的意义。可以期待,这种新型协同财产权模式不仅可以有效推进农村土地经营"三权分置"改革的探索和实践,也为今后的民法理论和制度创新带来重要启发,特别对于土地和国企等直接关涉公有体制基础领域的下一步法律变革思路,具有明显的可借鉴性。
The"separation of three rights"is driven by the reform of rural land management.As a major topica problem in legal field,it reflects the new major legal reform requirements of China’s rural land management system.Seizing the opportunity to take into account the development of the times,on the basis of the previous legalization of the Rural Land Contract Law,the property rights part of the Civil Code further institutionalized the"separation of three rights"and creatively adopted a new synergistic property right model.This change deserves attention.From the perspective of intrinsic value function,on the basis of maintaining the existing two functions of insisting on public ownership of rural land and stabilizing the rural household contract system,the new function requirement of promoting land management to be more market-oriented to meet the needs of agricultural modernization and intensification is added.These functions form a superposition and coexistence relationship.In terms of legal form,apart from collective land ownership and land contractual management rights,the land management rights are separated from the land contractual management rights through more market-oriented independent circulation.This is a kind of right with real right meaning,thus establishing a multi-layer cooperative framework of the three rights.This new framework model poses a great challenge to the traditional theory of real rights,but it is of timely and practical significance from the perspective of"creating heroes in times of need".It can be expected that this new cooperative property right mode can not only effectively promote the exploration and practice of the reform of"separation of three rights"in rural land management,but also bring important inspiration to our future civil law theory and system innovation,especially have obvious referential value for the further legal reform ideas directly related to the basic fields of public ownership system,such as land and state-owned enterprises.
出处
《东方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期90-106,共17页
Oriental Law
关键词
民法典物权编
三权分置
土地经营权
协同财产权
价值功能协同
权利协同
the Civil Code property rights part
separation of three rights
land management right
synergistic property rights
value function synergism
rights synergism
