摘要
新型农业经营体系的构建以厘清农地产权的结构为前提。在我国实行土地公有制不变的前提下,农地产权的结构以集体土地所有权为基础。在新型农业经营体系中对农地的利用关系在法律上应当表达为物权关系,以达到"稳定农村土地承包关系并保持长久不变"的目标,主流学说所谓土地承包经营权的二元化构造即应破除。经济学界提出的以土地所有权、土地承包权、土地经营权"三权分离"学说为基础构建农地产权的观点,曲解了稳定土地承包关系与土地承包经营权流转之间的关系,不符合他物权设立的基本法理,无法在法律上得以表达,也与下一步农地制度改革的方向相悖。如果农地的流转仅仅具有债法上的效果,或产生移转物权的效果,则方式自由;如果农地的流转具有创设物权的效果,则方式强制。实定法上就农地转让的条件限制缺乏正当性,应予修正。
The construction of the new type of agricultural management system takes the clarification of the structure of farmland property right as its precondition. Under the premise that the public ownership of land remains unchanged, the structure of farmland property right is based on the collective ownership of land. Under the new type of agricultural management system, the relationship of farmland use should be expressed in law as property right relationship, so as to achieve the goal of ＂maintaining the long-term stability of the relationships of the contracting of rural land＂ and, for this pur- pose, the mainstream doctrine of the so-called dual structure of land contracted management right should be abandoned. The argument that farmland property rights should be constructed on the basis of separation between land ownership, land contract right, and land management right, put forward by the economic circle, distorts the relationship between stabilizing land contract relationship and the transaction of the right to the use of farmland, and is not in conformity with the principle of the establishment of jus in re aliena. As such, it cannot be expressed in law, and is inconsistent with the di- rection of the reform of farmland system. If the transaction of the right to the use of farmland only has the effect of the law of obligations, or produces the effect of the transfer of property rights, then a free method can be adopted. If the transaction of the right to the use of farmland has the effect of creating real rights, then a compulsory method should be adopted. The constraints imposed by the current law on the transfer of the right to the use of farmland lack legitimacy and therefore should be rectified.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期76-91,共16页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“农村土地股份制改革的理论探索与制度设计”(13JZD007)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
新型农业经营体系
土地承包经营权
农地产权
农地流转
农地转让
the new-type agricultural management system, land contracted management right, farm-land property right, transaction of the right to the use of farmland, transfer of the right to the useof farmland
