摘要
世界一流大学是一个历经意大利(1193—1563)、英国(1489—1720)、法国(1720—1830)、德国(1810—1934)、美国(1934—)等五大世界高等教育中心分阶段、全过程的历史性概念。其内涵与特质,由大学教育的内涵与本质所决定;其外延与变化,既与特定的社会历史条件密切相关,更是特定时代高等教育内在发展的集中体现。纵观人类高等教育发展的长河,我们无法割断大学的发展历史而孤立地看待世界一流大学的形成与发展问题,正如我们无法摒弃世界一流大学的群体性身份而去单独地探讨世界一流大学的基本定义与个性特征。而于五大中心四次转移中形成的博洛尼亚大学——学生自治的“原生型大学”、牛津大学——捍卫“教育纯洁性”的堡垒、巴黎综合理工大学——为战而生的“综合理工”先长、柏林大学——“保存与增进知识”的思想王国、哈佛大学——进取的“自由与民主之魂”等五所学府,以其逐步生成且卓尔不群、独立独特且不可复制的个性品质,客观而妥当地平衡了这两对矛盾,并生动而具体地诠释了世界一流大学是如何炼成的这样一个划时代的重大命题。中国正处在实现中华民族伟大复兴目标的关键时期,我们应紧紧抓住这个时代机遇,既乘势而上、加快步伐,又尊重高等教育规律,循序推进中国特色的世界一流大学建设。
The world-class university is a whole process and historical concept that has gone through five stages of world centers of higher education,including Italy(1193-1563),the United Kingdom(1489-1720),France(1720-1830),Germany(1810-1934)and the United States(1934-).Its connotations and characteristics are determined by the connotations and nature of university education.Its extensions and changes are not only closely related to the specific social and historical conditions,but also a reflection of the internal development of higher education in a specific era.Throughout the development of higher education in the human history,we cannot talk about the formation and development of world-class universities in isolation by cutting off their history of development,just as we cannot abandon the group identity of world-class universities to discuss the basic definitions and characteristics of world-class universities.The five world-class universities,such as University of Bologna—a student-centered“original university”,University of Oxford—a bastion of defending the“purity of education”,Polytechnic University of Paris—a pioneer of“polytechnic”,University of Berlin—kingdom of thought to“preserve and promote knowledge”and Harvard University—an aggressive soul of“freedom and democracy”have been developed during the four transfers of the world center of higher education.Their formation has been gradual,with outstanding qualities,unique and unduplicated characteristics,which objectively and properly balanced these two pairs of contradictions,and vividly and concretely explained such an epoch-making major proposition of how the world-class universities were made.China is now in a critical period to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.We should seize the opportunity of this era,not only take advantage of the situation,accelerate the pace,but also conform to the laws of higher education,and promote the construction of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics step by step.
作者
杨天平
陈婷婷
YANG Tianping;CHEN Tingting(College of Teacher Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China)
出处
《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第1期105-115,共11页
Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金常规面上项目“大国高等教育的崛起与发展研究”(71774146)
关键词
世界一流大学
世界高等教育中心
发展性
渐进性
独特性
文化性
world-class universities
world center of higher education
developmental nature
progressiveness
uniqueness
culturality
