摘要
目的了解陕西省不同地理区域农村学校环境卫生情况,为改善学校环境卫生提供参考。方法 2016-2018年每年在陕西省各设区市分层随机选取30个涉农区县中的150个乡镇,每个乡镇随机选择初中、小学各1所,通过査阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法获得监测数据,按照关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原分区域进行统计、分析和评价。结果三大区域监测学校学生饮水方式差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.89,P<0.01),均以学校提供开水为主,分别占56.16%,65.88%,50.39%,且均有直接饮用自来水现象;自备集中式供水学校的供水方式关中平原和秦巴山区以沉淀过滤为主,分别占38.46%,53.21%,陕北高原以未处理为主(60.61%)。三大区域校内有卫生厕所的学校、有独立式公厕学校、教学楼内有厕所学校、宿舍楼内有厕所学校比例差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为32.04,12.73,20.78,33.11,P值均<0.01)。三大区域男厕蹲位比合格学校比例均大于女厕,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为86.53,44.77,21.88,P值均<0.01)。三大区域厕室内和厕所周围5 m范围内有可用水龙头、厕室内和厕所周围有洗手池、厕室内和厕所周围洗手池配有肥皂学校比例差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为90.02,10.40,41.96,P值均<0.01)。结论陕西省三大区域农村中小学环境卫生方面还需增加相应的配套设施,加大宣传力度,提高师生的卫生安全意识。
Objective To understand the environmental sanitation situation of rural schools in different geographical areas of Shaanxi, and to provide scientific basis for improving hygiene and sanitation in Chinese rural schools. Methods Each year during 2016 to 2018, 150 townships in 30 counties of rural areas were randomly selected in various districts and cities throughout the province. In each township one junior high school and one elementary school were randomly selected, and the data was obtained through resource access, interviews, and on-site observations. The data was statistically analyzed and evaluated according to the northern, central and southern regions. Results The differences of drinking ways among students in the schools were of statistical significance(χ~2=25.89, P<0.01). The major drinking water method of students in the monitoring schools of the three regions all was providing boiled water, accounting for 56.16%, 65.88%, 50.39%, all of which have direct drinking unboiled water phenomenon;The water supply method of the self-provided centralized water supply school is mainly precipitation filtration in the central and southern regions, accounting for 38.46%, 53.21%, and untreated in the northern region(60.61%);The differences of the proportions of having sanitary toilets, detached toilets in schools, having toilets in teaching buildings, and having toilets in dormitory buildings in three regions were of statistical significance(χ2=32.04, 12.73, 20.78, 33.11, P<0.01) The proportion of schools with squat toilets in men’s toilets was greater than that of women’s(χ2=86.53, 44.77, 21.88, P<0.01). The differences of the proportion of schools with faucets available in toilets and within 5 meters around toilets, with sinks in or around the toilets, with sinks equipped with soap in or around the toilets were of statistical significance(χ2=90.02, 10.40, 41.96, P<0.01). Conclusion During 2016 to 2018, the environment sanitation of the three major rural primary and middle schools in Shaanxi Province needs to improve corresponding supporting facilities, and increase publicity to improve teachers and students’ awareness of health and safety.
作者
郑晶利
雷佩玉
孟昭伟
常锋
ZHENG Jingli;LEI Peiyu;MENG Zhaowei;CHANG Feng(Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an(710054),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第10期1549-1551,共3页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)
关键词
饮水
卫生保健提供
学生保健服务
农村卫生
Drinking
Delivery of health care
Student health services
Rural health
