摘要
劳动技能匹配是集聚经济的一个重要来源,并导致了行业的不同区位偏好。文章将劳动技能匹配引入Venables(2007)的理论模型,利用全国工业企业数据检验交通条件、城市规模和企业技能培训对生产率的影响。理论分析和实证检验显示:交通条件、城市规模和企业培训都能改变技能匹配水平、提高企业生产率;交通条件和企业培训对企业生产率的影响在不同行业和不同规模城市间有明显差异。对高、中、低技术产业的计量检验还发现,改善交通条件有助于提高特大城市高技术产业的生产率,促进高技术产业向特大城市集聚。
In the past two decades,China’s labor productivity has generally increased substantially,but there are still large differences between regions and cities.The traditional neoclassical economic theory holds that the difference between factor input and agglomeration economy is the cause of the difference in labor productivity.New economic geographers emphasize that the level of transportation costs and the size of economies of scale will have different effects on the market size and labor productivity in different regions and cities.Subsequent research through formal theoretical model analysis points out that the degree of skill matching between workers and jobs affects labor productivity.Labor skill matching is a source of agglomeration economies and a cause of different location preferences of industries.This paper introduces skill matching into the model originated by Venables(2007)and uses a firm-level panel dataset to examine the complex effects of skill matching,urban transport,and city size on firm productivity in China’s cities.The study shows that transport condition,city size and skill matching have substitution effects on labor productivity;transport improvement and city expansion enhance the positive impact of skill matching on firm productivity,and the impact differs across industries and cities;transport improvement is more conducive to promoting the productivity of high-tech firms in large cities,inducing hightech industries to agglomerate in large cities;the spatial effects of transport improvement on low-tech industries appear to be insignificant.This paper provides some empirical evidence for the development and evaluation of regional development and structural adjustment policies.In the adjustment of industrial structure,each region should take advantage of its own industry characteristics and city scale to reduce resistance,actively introduce(and move out)related industries,and promote large cities to become high-tech industrial centers,while guiding other cities to become the bases with lower production costs and higher efficiency.
作者
郑腾飞
柯善咨
Zheng Tengfei;Ke Shanzi(School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University,Changsha 410079,China;Academy of Macroeconomic Research,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期4-19,共16页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71603124)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20161054)
关键词
技能匹配
交通条件
城市规模
企业生产率
skill matching
transport infrastructure
urban scale
firm productivity
