摘要
美国是世界公认的"生态学大国",为世界生态学的发展作出了重大贡献。美国生态学经历了4个发展时期--初创期、成长期、拓展期和成熟期。其生态学发展的突出成就不仅在于创立了生态学许多分支学科,创新了生态学的理论与方法,完善了生态学的学科体系,更重要的是为全球培养了生态学专门人才,促进了生态学的成果应用和引领着世界生态学的发展。美国生态学具有5个显著特点:长期性、全球性、前瞻性、综合性和先进性。随着气候变暖,城市化进程加快和老龄化加剧等全球化问题的出现,美国生态学的研究重点和发展趋势将是:(1)生态学学科不断向宏观和微观两个方向发展与分化;(2)生态学学科与其他相关学科综合;(3)生态学研究领域将进一步拓展;(4)生态学研究方法不断改进和创新;(5)生态学研究的热点和重点将主要集中于全球生态学、城市生态学、入侵生态学和人类生态学等。
As we all know,the scientific discipline of ecology ranks first in the world.As renowned for its advanced ecological thoughts and theories,the United States has made significant contributions to the development of ecology.The development of ecology has experienced four stages-the initial period,growth period,expansion period and maturity period.The outstanding achievements in the development of ecology in U.S.are not only reflected within the creation of different branches of ecological studies,the innovation of ecological theory and methods,and the enhancement of the scientific discipline of ecology,what’s more,but could also be demonstrated by continuous efforts in cultivation of ecological experts,ongoing endeavors in application of ecological theories and development of ecological discipline.The features of ecological discipline development the United States can be summarized as follows:long-term perspectives,global thinking,predicative modelling,inclusive characteristics and cutting-edge theories.With the intensification of global issues,such as climate change,urbanization and ageing,the US ecological development will undergo several breakthroughs:(1)The discipline will continue to develop and diverge extensively at macro and micro level;(2)The ecology discipline will further integrate with other related disciplines;(3)The research areas within the ecological discipline will be further expanded;(4)The research methods will be pushed to innovate;And(5)the focus of ecology research will shift towards global ecology,urban ecology,invasive ecology and human ecology.
作者
黄国勤
黄依南
HUANG Guoqin;HUANG Yinan(Research Centre on Ecological Sciences,Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, US)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期1473-1483,共11页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0300208)
国家自然科学基金项目(41661070)
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2017-XY-28)
国家留学基金资助项目(教外留函[2002]33号)
江西省教育厅、江西省人民政府学位委员会“2011年度江西省高校研究生导师研修计划”项目(赣教研字[2011]10号)
关键词
生态学
发展
美国
ecology
development
united states
