摘要
【目的】食用菌由于较高的营养保健价值近年来备受关注,但食用菌中农药残留导致中国作为食用菌出口大国在国际贸易中屡屡碰壁。本研究以农药最大残留限量标准为切入点,对比分析国内外现行食用菌中农药最大残留限量标准,以期为完善中国食用菌农药最大残留限量标准建言献策。【方法】先分别阐述中国、食品法典委员会及中国主要出口贸易对象(欧盟、美国和日本)现行的食用菌中农药最大残留限量标准,然后再从食用菌分类、农药最大残留限量标准数量及农药种类、残留限量值3个方面系统对比分析其异同。【结果】中国没有分类考虑栽培食用菌和野生食用菌农残,农残限量标准数量、农药种类、限量指标与国际差距大,没有考虑实际生产用药等问题。【结论】为提高中国食用菌质量安全水平和国际竞争力,进一步促进公众健康和国际贸易公平协同发展、实现双赢,本研究提出应积极跟踪国际农药残留标准制定动态,建立统一、实时的国际农残限量标准查询平台,尽快制定和完善中国食用菌农药最大残留限量标准,并积极参与国际农药残留标准修订工作等建议。
[Purpose]Edible fungi have been closely watched in recent years due to its high nutritional value,but its pesticide residues affect international trade.China meets with a refusal repeatedly in export trade of edible fungi,although it is a major exporter of edible fungi.Taking the perspective of maximum residue limits,we compared and analyzed the maximum residue limits for edible fungi between China and other countries to provide suggestions for improving the maximum residue limits of China.[Method]Firstly,we elaborated current maximum residue limits for edible fungi of China,Codex Alimentarius Commission and China’s main export trade partners,EU,USA and Japan respectively,and then systematically compared and analyzed the differences in classification of edible fungi,quantities of maximum residue limits and categories of pesticide,maximum residue limits index values.[Result]Maximum residue limits for edible fungi in China had several problems,including no separate standards for cultivated fungi and wild fungi,inadequate connection with the international standards like quantities of maximum residue limits,categories of pesticide and maximum residue limits index values,no consideration of pesticides used in actual production.[Conclusion]In order to improve the quality,safety and international competitiveness of Chinese edible fungi,to further promote coordinated development of public health and international trade equity,we suggested that China should actively track the international maximum residue limits,establish a unified,quick updated the international maximum residue limits query platform,develop and complete the Chinese edible fungi pesticide maximum residue limits as soon as possible,and actively participate in the revision of international pesticide residue standards.
作者
普秋榕
王红漫
PU Qiurong;WANG Hongman(Institute for Medical Humanities,Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期1127-1138,共12页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
云南省科技计划项目(2015RA086)
