摘要
如何利用临时性就业保持劳动力市场弹性的同时保持就业稳定具有重要意义,文章运用2007年中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP),实证研究了临时性就业对我国劳动者工资收入的影响,并分析了其内在作用机制。研究发现:(1)在控制相关的个体特征及其所在企业特征、行业特征和城市特征后,临时性就业会使得个体的小时平均工资收入显著减少约18.05%,且这一负向作用在考虑指标度量稳健性、户籍、不同年份数据及分行业子样本检验等情形下仍然稳健。(2)在控制样本选择性偏差和可观测控制变量影响后,本文的结论依然稳健,临时工与正式工之间仍存在无法解释的工资差异。(3)机制检验表明,人力资本积累和补偿性工资差异均可以解释临时性就业抑制劳动者工资收入的现象,具体表现为临时性就业会降低个体获得与工作技能有关的培训机会和培训时间,且仅特定行业的临时性就业者获得了补偿性工资。文章从就业期限差异的视角为政府部门改善劳动收入、提高就业质量和顺利实现产业转型升级提供了决策依据。
Temporary employment is already one of the most important parts of Chinese elastic em- ployment. However, previous literature indicates that temporary employment could not only decrease labor wages, widen wage gap, and then deteriorate employment quality but also hamper human capital accumula- tion. Human capital accumulation brought by the promotion of know-how and expertise is the insurance for successful economic structural adjustment and industry transformation and upgrading in the largest develop- ing country. Therefore, how to employ temporary employment and at the same time to narrow down the wage differential, promote employment quality, strengthen human capital accumulation, and provide corresponding policy suggestions are significant. However, rare research pays attention to the effect of temporary employ- ment on labor wages in China in the view of employment period differential. Temporary employment could af- fect labor wages in two aspects. Firstly, risk premium theory believes labor with fixed-term or temporary con- tracts is facing higher unemployment risk so that they should receive higher hour wages as compensation of risk premium when signing the contracts because there are lower costs of insurance welfare, laid-off costs and penalty costs. Secondly, temporary employment would decrease human capital accumulation. Temporary labor has less possibility to involve in firm-specific training. While temporary employment would increase or de- crease labor wages in China, we need specific empirical analysis. This paper uses Chinese Household Income Proj ect （CHIP）data of 2007 to explore the effect of temporary employment on Chinese labor wages, while the temporary employees are defined as labor without contracts or with short-term contracts（less than 1 year）. We first use T-test to explore who are temporary employees in China and then use OLS to do empirical research along with robustness check. Then we decompose the wage differential to explore whether temporary labor re- ceives compensatory wages, and utilize Probit and Tobit models to estimate the effect of temporary employ- ment on labor work-related skill training opportunity and term to explore if temporary employment harms hu- man capital accumulation. This paper arrives at the results as follows： firstly, temporary employment signific- antly decreases about 18.05% of individual average hourly wages after controlling related individual, firm, in- dustry and city characteristics; secondly, this conclusion does not change after considering different sub- samples divided by different indicators, household registry, year and industries; in addition, the income differ- ence still exists after using heteroskedasticity-based instrument method and switching regression model to con- trol selection bias and unobservable variables; thirdly, mechanism tests indicate temporary employment im- pairs human capital accumulation, which mainly significantly decreases personal work-related training oppor- tunities, and only temporary labor in certain industries could obtain compensatory income. This paper provides conductive implications and policy suggestions as follows： firstly, Chinese government should implement the labor policy of ＂limiting the proportion of temporary labor, increasing firing costs and guaranteeing same salaries＂ and require firms employing temporary labor to build up compensation system and unemployment fimds. Secondly, the agencies for instance job intermediate should be encouraged to conduct career training with preferential policy by market mechanism. The bureau should monitor the agencies and be in charge of pre-employment training for urban workers, laid-off workers retraining of reemployment or starting their own business, etc. The contributions of this paper lie in that： firstly, by distinguishing different self selection forms of temporary employees, self-employed labor, family helpers, and so on, this paper specifically explores wage differential between temporary and formal employees based on employment period. Secondly, CHIP2007 al- low us to control the characteristics of employers to get more unbiased estimated results. Then we employ het- eroskedasticity-based instrument method and switching regression model to control selection bias and unob- servable variables to get more precise results. Thirdly, we also do the mechanism tests, namely the effect of temporary employment on human capital accumulation and whether temporary labor could get compensatory wages in China.
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期113-127,共15页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(17BJL109)
