摘要
目的了解苯接触工人对岗位存在的职业病危害及防护措施知晓情况,分析知识知晓率对外周血象改变的影响。方法采用整群抽样方法对苯接触工人进行问卷调查,利用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果共调查530人,男性422人(79.62%),女性108人(20.38%)。46.60%的工人不太了解,47.17%的工人一般了解,6.23%的工人比较清楚;知晓情况的影响因素有文化程度和工龄。正确使用个人防护用品的工人白细胞计数减少检出率(2.10%)、外周血象异常率(3.15%)显著低于非正确使用者(7.79%,12.30%);注意检查并及时处理机器设备的跑、冒、滴、漏的工人白细胞计数减少检出率(3.79%)、红细胞计数减少检出率(1.79%)、外周血象异常率(5.58%)低于非注意检查并及时处理者(9.76%、7.32%、17.07%);采样、检尺时站在上风侧的工人外周血象异常率(4.35%)低于非上风侧者(25.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苯接触工人外周血象异常率与白细胞计数减少率有随知晓程度的增高而降低的趋势(P<0.01)。结论苯接触工人对岗位存在的职业病危害及防护措施知晓程度较低,知晓本岗位存在的职业病危害及防护措施是外周血象改变的保护性因素,正确的职业病危害防治行为可以减少外周血象损害的发生。
Objective To examine awareness about occupational hazards prevention and its effect on peripheral blood among workers exposed to benzene. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among benzene-exposed workers selected by cluster sampling. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 16. 0. Results 530 workers were surveyed, including 422 men （79. 62% ） and 108 women （20. 38% ）. 46. 60% of workers didnt understand the occupational hazards and preventive measures, 47.17% of them generally understood, 6. 23% of them understood more clearly. Influence factors of understanding were cultural level and time length of service. The abnormality of leucopenia （ 2. 10% ） and peripheral blood （ 3.15% ） among workers correctly used personal protective equipment were significantly lower than those who incorrectly used personal protective equipment （7.79%, 12. 30% ）. The abnormality percentages of lencopenia （3.79%）, erythrocyte count （ 1.79% ） and peripheral blood （5.58%） among workers who paid attention to check and timely deal with leakage problems of machinery equipment were significantly lower than those who did not do that （9. 76% , 7. 32% , 17.07% ）. The abnormality percentages of peripheral blood （4. 35% ） among workers who did sample collection or measurment on windward side were significantly lower than those on other windward side （25.00%） , and the differences were significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The occurrence rates of leukocytopenia and abnormal peripheral blood were decreased with the increasing of knowledge status among workers exposed to benzene （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Awareness of the occupational hazards in work and protective measures for benzene-ex- posed workers were lower. Understanding of the occupational hazards in work post and protective measures were the protect factors of peripheral blood. Correct behavior of prevention and control of occupational disease can reduce damage of peripheral blood.
作者
陈仁强
刘艳荣
于素芳
CHEN Ren-qiang LIU Ynn-rong YU Su-fang(School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2017年第1期70-73,77,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
关键词
苯作业工人
职业病危害因素
防护措施
外周血象
Benzene-exposed workers
Occupational hazards
Protective measures
Peripheral blood
