摘要
本文以我国1998—2014年各省份四种所有制企业的数据为样本,将空间因素纳入到知识生产函数中,尝试性地分析了不同所有制企业之间的创新溢出大小与边界。研究结论显示:(1)创新溢出具有体制临近性,即同种所有制企业之间的创新溢出较大;(2)不同所有制企业间创新溢出具有非对称性,民营企业成为创新溢出的最大吸收方,国有企业难以获取其他企业创新投入的外部性,成为主要溢出方,港澳台资企业与外资企业之间具有"挤占效应";(3)就不同所有制企业创新溢出的边界而言,国有企业之间在全国范围内存在溢出效应,民营企业间的溢出边界为1450千米,港澳台资企业间、外资企业间均为1650千米;(4)就不同所有制企业创新产出的影响因素而言,企业自身的研发经费与研发人员投入仍是创新产出的重要保障。本文的研究结果对当前我国创新驱动发展战略、企业间协同创新、外商投资政策的改革方向和政策调整具有一定的指导意义。
Enterprises are still the major bodies in the regional innovation system , and especially in a transitional economy like China, businesses with various ownerships are set up including state-owned ones, privatelyowned ones and foreign-funded ones and so on. From the review of previous studies,lots of them validated the innovation spillover effects through foreign direct investment and international trade channels by focusing on the national and provincial units. And a small amount of research just verified how much innovation spillover benefit did the do- mestic enterprises got from the foreign-funded ones based on the enterprise level. But it lack of the explain whether there are spillovers among domestic-funded enterprises or foreign-funded enterprises. So how to develop enterprise collaboration and spillover effects between different ownership enterprises plays an important role in China＇ s region- al innovation strategy. Based on this, the study takes innovation data of four kinds enterprises with different owner- ships in 1998--2014 as sample,meanwhile it also brings the space factors into the knowledge production function, and tentatively analyzes the size and boundary of innovation spillover between different ownership enterprises by u- sing the model of a Spatial Durbin Model. Firstly,This paper reveals two special features of innovation spillover between China＇s enterprises. The first one is ownership similarity, which means that innovation spillover exits more in the same ownership enterprises. And the second one is size asymmetric, because the privately-owned ones can obtain the most spillovers from other ownership enterprises ,but the state-owned ones hardly obtain any spillovers from other ownership ones. Besides, the foreign and HMT enterprises neither obtain spillovers from state-and privately-owned firms by lacking of spatial linkages with this two kinds of domestic firms, nor develop its advanced technology diffusion effects in domestic enterpri- ses. But there are competition effects between the foreign and HMT enterprises. Secondly, from the perspective of innovation spillover boundary between all firms, there are different geography scopes between different firms. The geography scope between state-owned ones spreads in all cities in Chi- na. Because the state-owned enterprises always choose to set up their branches and subsidiaries across the whole country, what＇ s more, there are many communication conference and technical guidance among the state-owned en- terprises, so they are contact more closely , which indicates more spillovers among them. The geography scope be- tween privately-owned ones is within 1450KM, and the foreign and HMT enterprises are the same scope which is within 1650KM. Lastly,this paper also shows that the R＆D funds and researchers are the most important factors improving regional innovation output, and market degree, economic openness, agglomeration economy level, transport level are also play a less important role in promoting innovation ability. In terms of the size effect on the factors , the R＆D funds and R＆D persons are still the main inputs , the regression coefficient of R＆D are bigger than the coefficient of other factors. The main contribution of this paper rest with：firstly, we creatively test the innovation spillovers size between the four main types enterprise by focusing on the ownership nature of enterprises, which supplement the insufficiency of exiting literature by generally analyzing the innovation spillover effects between foreign and domestic enterprises. Secondly,we not only test the existence of interregional innovation spillovers between different ownership enterprises by using the spatial model which contains three different spatial weight matrixesbinary, geographic distance and economic gap, but also measure the boundary of interregional innovation spillovers between different ownership enterprises by using the spatial stratified model. This conclusions are of great significance to the policy adjustment of foreign investment policy,regional industry planning and development strategy driven by innovation.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第11期45-59,共15页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金年度项目"长三角城市群人口空间分布优化研究"(15BRK025)
上海财经大学研究生教育创新计划项目"专业化
多样化与技术创新--基于中国区域数据的空间计量模型分析"(2014110491)
关键词
企业创新
空间溢出
溢出边界
所有制
enterprise innovation
spatial spillovers
spillover boundary
ownership
