摘要
2005年后,我国城镇制造业就业结构出现了非对称变化,东部省区制造业就业比重显著下降,中西部省区下降速度较慢甚至有所上升。产业结构、外商投资、贸易规模和商品结构等传统研究视角无法完美解释这一现象。基于2006-2013年28个省级地区制造业整体及各子行业面板数据,在控制了相关变量及内生性问题后,文章研究发现:代表低端劳动密集型的加工贸易比重与当地制造业就业占比呈显著正相关,纺织、服装等传统劳动密集型制造业及计算机、通信、电子设备制造和电器仪表制造等高劳动-资本比的制造业是加工贸易方式影响制造业就业结构的主要渠道;此外,近年全国尤其是东部省区加工贸易比重的下降带动了当地制造业熟练劳动力比重的上升。这为解释我国制造业就业结构变化提供了一个新的视角,也说明处于不同贸易方式转型阶段的地区应重视贸易方式转型对就业结构的影响,并采取差异性的就业政策。
An asymmetric change appears in China^s employment structure in manufacturing industry after 2005. The employment proportion in manufacturing industry reduces significantly in eastern provinces while the proportions do not decrease so fast and even increase somewhat in central and western provinces. Industrial structure, foreign investment, trade size, commodity structure and other traditional research perspectives could not perfectly explain this phenomenon.Through an empirical study based on panel data of manufacturing and its sub-industries of 28 provinces from 2006 to 2013, this paper controls relative variables and endogenous problem, and arrives at the conclusions as follows： the processing trade proportion, which stands for low-end and labor-intensive production mode, is significantly positively related with local manufacturing employment proportion, and traditional labor-intensive manufacturing industries like textile ＆ clothing industries and high-tech products manufacturing industries with high labor-capital ratio like computer,communication,electronic equipment manufacturing ＆ electrical instrumentation manufacturing are the main channels of the effect of processing trade mode on employment structure in manufacturing industry; in addition ,in recent years the reduction in processing trade proportion, especially in the eastern provinces, also leads to the rise in the proportion of local skilled manufacturing labor.It provides a new perspective for explaining the change in employment structure in manufacturing industry in China in recent years.Governments in different period of trade pattern transformation are supposed to pay more attention to the influence of processing trade mode on employment structure and adopt differential employment policies.
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期109-121,共13页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD097)
教育部人文社科青年项目(12YJC790137)
关键词
就业结构
贸易方式
加工贸易
劳动密集型产业
employment structure
trade Pattern
processing industry trade
labor-intensive
