摘要
【目的】研究投喂蚕豆对草鱼生物学性状、脂质蓄积、血脂含量、脂肪酸组成的影响,为揭示脆肉鲩营养代谢特别是脂质代谢作用机制提供参考依据。【方法】选取投喂浸泡蚕豆(蚕豆组)与普通商用配合饵料(对照组)的草鱼各16尾解剖采样,分别测定其生长及生物学性状、常规成分、血清生理生化指标、背部肌肉质构、脂肪酸组成等相关指标。【结果】蚕豆组草鱼的肝体比、脂体比、体长体高比、内脏比均极显著高于对照组草鱼(P<0.01,下同)而其肌肉水分含量显著降低(P<0.05,下同),肝胰脏粗脂肪含量显著升高,其他常规成分则无显著变化(P>0.05,下同)。蚕豆组草鱼背部肌肉的硬度、黏合性、咀嚼度和回复力,分别比对照组草鱼提高了31.1%、52.3%、47.8%和56.3%;肌肉品评结果表明,其多汁性与嫩度均极显著低于对照组草鱼,但鲜味与风味无显著差异。在草鱼血清生理生化指标方面,除蚕豆组草鱼血清中的谷草转氨酶水平(215.37±7.74 U/L)与甘油三醋含量(3.73±0.35 mmol/L)极显著高于对照组草鱼外,其他血清生理生化指标均无显著差异。在脂肪酸组成方面,蚕豆组草鱼肌肉、肝胰脏和腹腔脂肪的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量均极显著高于对照组草鱼,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)和n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)表现为蚕豆组草鱼低于对照组草鱼。【结论】脂代谢紊乱是草鱼摄食蚕豆后生长缓慢的重要因素,因此在脆肉鲩的养殖及饵料开发过程中,应在不影响肉质品质的前提下调节其脂质代谢途径及提高生长速度,进而提高脆肉鲩养殖经济效益。
[Objective]The effects of feeding broad bean on biological character,fat accumulation,blood lipid content,fat acid compositions of grass carp were studied,in order to reveal mechanism of nutrition metabolism or lipid metabolism of crisp grass carp.[Method]A total of 32 grass carp samples were selected and divided averagely into two groups.These two groups were fed on broad beans and commercial compound feed,respectively,which were coded as CGC and GC,respectively.After these samples were dissected,their growth traits,biological characteristics,conventional ingredients,serum physiological indexes,dorsal muscle texture,and fatty acid composition were determined.[Result]The results showed that,the hepatosomatic index（HI）,intraperitoneal fat ratio（IFR）,body length to height ratio（LHR）and viscerossomatic index（VI） of CGC were extremely significantly higher than those of GC（P0.01,the same below）,and the moisture content in muscles of CGC were significantly lower than those of GC（P0.05,the same below）.Besides,the fat content of hepatopancreas significantly increased,but other conventional ingredients of hepatopancreas had no significant change（P0.05,the same below）.The determined results of dorsal muscle texture showed that,dorsal muscle hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness and restoring force of CGC were increased by 31.1%,52.3%,47.8%and 56.3%,respectively,compared with those of GC.The meat quality evaluation results showed that the succulence and tenderness of CGC were lower than those of GC,and there was no significant difference in umami and flavor between CGC and GC.As for serum physiological indexes,only AST level（215.37±7.74 U/L） and TG content（3.73±0.35 mmol/L） of CGC were extremely significantly higher than those of GC,but there was no significant difference in other serum physiological indexes between CGC and GC.As for fatty acid composition,MUFA contents in muscle,hepatopancreas and abdominal fat of CGC were extremely significantly higher than those of GC,but the contents in SFA,n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA of CGC were extremely significantly lower than those of GC.[Conclusion]Lipid metabolism disorders is an important factor leading to slow growth of grass carp fed on broad bean.Therefore,in order to improve economic efficiency of crisp grass carp in aquaculture and feed development,the lipid metabolic pathways should be regulated,and growth rate should be improved without affecting muscle quality of crisp grass carp.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期2040-2045,共6页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
财政部大学推广模式建设项目(TG09-2013)
陕西省农业技术推广示范项目(2014-TS-36)
关键词
草鱼
脆肉鲩
蚕豆
肌肉质构
脂质蓄积
脂肪酸
grass carp
crisp grass carp
broad bean
muscle texture
lipid accumulation
fatty acid
