摘要
植物源杀虫剂苦参碱广泛应用于农林害虫的防控。为了给蚕区安全使用苦参碱类杀虫剂防治农林害虫提供依据,采用农药生物测定方法,以家蚕现行品种871×872为材料检测苦参碱对家蚕的毒性,评价其对家蚕的安全风险。急性毒性检测结果表明,苦参碱对家蚕3~5龄幼虫的96 h半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.018 2、0.070 9和0.670 9 mg/L。给4龄起蚕添食低剂量(0.035 4 mg/L和0.017 7 mg/L)苦参碱,可导致4龄幼虫的消化生理出现紊乱,体质量呈先下降后增长趋势,眠起和发育不齐,大蚕期(4龄起至5龄末)经过时间分别延长1.30 d和0.69 d,全茧量、茧层量、茧层率和上茧率等经济性状成绩极显著下降,死笼率极显著升高,表明低剂量苦参碱对家蚕具有慢性毒性,对蚕体生长发育和经济性状都有明显不良影响。根据苦参碱对家蚕的毒性试验结果,评定其对养蚕生产的安全风险等级为极高级,故养蚕期间桑园及桑园周边农田应禁止喷施苦参碱。
The botanical insecticide matrine was widely applied in the control of agricultural and forest pests. In order to provide experimental basis for the safe use of matrine insecticide in sericulture areas, the current silkworm （ Bombyx mori） variety 871 x872 was used as material for detecting the toxicity of matrine and for evaluating the safety of matrine to silkworm using bioassay method. The results of acute toxicity bioassay showed that the median lethal concen- tration （ LC^o） values of matrine on the 3rd to the 5th instar silkworm larvae at 96 h after treatment were 0. 018 2, 0. 070 9 and 0. 670 9 mg/L respectively. After being administered to the 4th newly exuviated silkworm larva with low dose （0.03 54 mg/L and 0.017 7 mg/L） of matrine, it was observed that the 4th instar silkworm larva displayed digestive physiological disorders. The body weight of silkworm larva showed an ascent trend after the initial decline. Matrine also caused uneven molting and development of silkworm. The duration at the fully grown stage （from the first day of the 4th instar to the last day of the 5th instar） were prolonged by 1.30 d and 0.69 d. The results of economic characters （cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell rate and reelable cocoon rate ） were extremely significantly decreased, and the rate of dead cocoons was extremely significantly increased. The above results indicated that matrine had chronic toxic effect on silkworm which causes obvious harmful effects to silkworm growth, development and economic characters. According to the result of matrine toxicity test to silkworm, it is concluded that matrine is of extremely high risk to silkworm rearing. Therefore, spraying of matrine in mulberry field and its surrounding farmland should be forbidden during silkworm rearing period.
出处
《蚕业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期477-485,共9页
ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系蚕桑产业创新团队建设项目(No.鲁农科技字[2014]24号)
茧丝绸发展专项资金项目(No.财企[2014]58号)
关键词
农用杀虫剂
苦参碱
非靶标昆虫
家蚕
半数致死浓度
生长发育
经济性状
Agricultural insecticide
Matrine
Non-target insect
Bombyx mori
Median lethal concentration （LC50）
Growth and development
Economic characters
