摘要
1997～ 1999年间利用我国 2 94个小麦叶锈菌株和主要流行小种 ,对目前国际上发现和命名的 4 3个抗叶锈病基因 (Lr基因 )进行了苗期抗病性、成株抗病性及抗性稳定性等系统研究。结果表明 ,Lr9、Lr19、Lr2 4、Lr2 5、Lr2 8、Lr2 9、Lr38和Lr4 2等 8个基因表现为全生育期抗病 ,这些基因除Lr2 9对温度反应敏感 (高温感病 )外 ,其余基因的抗病性表现均不受温度变化的影响 ,侵染型表现稳定或较稳定 ,具有很高的开发应用价值 ;Lr12、Lr13和Lr2 3虽然苗期表现无效 ,但成株期对我国小麦叶锈菌具有很好的抗性 (免疫至高抗 ) ,属于典型的成株抗病基因 ;Lr34、Lr35两个基因苗期感病、成株期侵染型表现为中感 ,但终期病害比率 (病害平均严重度 )小于 10 % ,具有明显的慢叶锈病特征 ,值得进一步研究利用 ;Lr3ka、Lr16、Lr17、Lr18、Lr39、Lr4 0、Lr4 1、Lr4 3等基因虽然终期病害比率较高(40 %以上 ) ,但侵染型表现为中抗或中间型 ,其中 ,Lr39、Lr4 0、Lr4 1在苗期属有效抗病基因 (无毒基因频率在 85 %以上 ) ,亦具有一定的开发利用价值。其余抗叶锈病基因无论在苗期还是在成株期对我国小麦叶锈菌均表现无效 ,在小麦抗锈育种中的可利用价值不高。选用BBB、DHS、PGT和PHT等 4个叶锈菌致病类型并设置 5 / 10℃、15 / 2 0?
Seedling resistance, adult plant resistance and resistant stability of 43 leaf rust resistance genes of wheat (Lr1-Lr43) worldwide nominated so far were tested in 1997-1999 using 294 Chinese isolates of Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici and major dominant races which previously characterized for avirulence/virulence gene combination, respectively. Eight Lr genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25,Lr28, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42 of the 43 test genes (or gene combination) expressed high resistance to Puccinia triticina in China at both seedling and adult plant stages. Among them the infection types produced by the host parasite interactions did not affected with the temperature change in the range of 5-30℃ except of Lr29 which displayed temperature sensitive (high temperature susceptible). Lr12, Lr13 and Lr23 displayed typical adult plant resistance (APR) e.g. resistance (immune to very resistance) to Puccinia triticina at the adult plant stage but susceptible at the seedling stage, and Lr34, Lr35 showed obvious slow rusting resistance e.g. moderately susceptible at both seedling and adult plant stages but low final disease infectioun rating (less than 10%).Lr3ka, Lr16, Lr17, Lr18, Lr39, Lr40, Lr41, Lr43 had highly final disease infectiou rating (more than 40%) but moderately resistant or medium infection types at adult plant stage. Among them, Lr39, Lr40, Lr41 had effective resistance at the seedling stage with the frequencies of avirulence genes at more than 85%. Those genes above mentioned could be considered as effective resistance genes to Chinese P.triticina population and used in wheat improvement program in China. The rest genes expressed ineffective to Chinese P.triticina population neither at seedling stage nor adult plant stage and no any utilizable value in wheat breeding. Stability of leaf rust resistance was tested in 43 wheat lines with specific Lr genes using BBB, DHS, PGT and PHT P.triticina pathotypes under 5/10℃, 15/20℃ and 25/30℃ temperature ranges, respectively. The results indicated that 25 genes of 43 tested genes displayed stable or basically stable infection type, high temperature resistance was detected in 4 genes and low temperature resistance in 3 genes, and the interactions of parasite (pathogen pathotype), host (wheat lines) and environment (temperature) (PHE) were detected in the other 11 genes. It has been also found that resistance expression of some Lr genes was different in wheat with different genetic background.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第7期794-801,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
农业部"八五"重点科技攻关项目 (95农 17 0 5 0 1)
国家"九五"科技攻关项目 (96 0 14 0 1 0 2 )
关键词
小麦
抗叶锈病基因
中国
可利用性
抗性稳定性
成株抗性
慢锈性
Wheat
Genes for leaf rust resistance
Stability of resistance
Adult plant resistance
Slow rusting
