摘要
人类进入 2 1世纪之际 ,水资源紧缺已成为全球性的问题。第二届全球水论坛提出 2 1世纪要实现人类的安全供水。到 2 0 2 5年要解决 31亿人的供水基本需求。任务十分艰巨。我国西北、华北和西南地区的缺水山区 ,地面水和地下水严重缺乏 (或季节性缺乏 )。这里山大沟深 ,引水困难 ,农业生产靠天吃饭 ,水平低下 ,居民饮用水长期没有保障 ,供水和粮食都缺乏安全性 ,是我国贫困最集中的地方。水是促进当地可持续发展的关键因素 ,而雨水是最有潜力的资源。近两个世纪以来的实践证明 ,雨水集蓄利用成功地为山区居民提供了可靠的生活和作物补充灌溉用水 ,在缺水山区的特定条件下是一项不可替代的措施。它具有分散解决、利用就地资源、采用适用技术、低投入 ,有利于社区和群众参与等特点 ,是符合可持续原则的综合发展模式。雨水集蓄利用的迅速发展已经对水资源学科提出了一系列新课题 。
Water scarcity has been a global issue when the human beings enter the 21 st century. The Second water forum held in Hague, the Netherlands put forward the goal of realizing water security in the new century and to meet the basic water need of 3.1 billion populations in the end of 2025. This is a very hard task. In the dry mountainous areas in the Northwest, North and Southwest China, the surface and groundwater are very much lacking of. Water conveyance project is very difficult to build under the topographical conditions of high mountains and deep valleys. The agriculture production entirely relies on the natural rain and has a very low level. People have no access to the safe water supply. This is the most impoverished area in China, with no security for both water and food supply. Water is the key factor for the sustainable development. Rainwater is the most potential water resource in the area. The practices in the recent two decades showed that rainwater harvesting has successfully provided water for the domestic use and the supplemental irrigation for the crops. It is an irreplaceable measure with the unique condition of the dry and mountainous area. Characterized by the decentralized solution, using indigenous resources, adopting appropriate technology, being favorable to the participation of community and mass owing to the low input, the rainwater harvesting is proved as the mode of integrated development conforming to the principles of sustainability. The rapid development of rainwater harvesting has raised many issues to the water resources science. It may become a new developing point of the water science.
出处
《防渗技术》
2002年第1期1-5,共5页
Technique of Seepage Control
关键词
水资源
雨水利用
雨水集蓄利用
可持续发展
water resources
rainwater utilization
rainwater harvesting
sustainable development
