摘要
目的 确定该疫源地鼠疫主要贮存宿主、主要传播媒介和分离自青海田鼠体内鼠疫菌的生物型；确定青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地分布范围，动物鼠疫流行特征。方法 通过现场调查和实验的方法，研究青海田鼠对鼠疫菌的感受性，蚤的媒介效能、鼠疫菌生物学性状及分子生物学特征；研究青海田鼠的分布范围、活动规律、生态学指标以及动物鼠疫流行规律。结果 该地区青海田鼠为鼠疫主要贮存宿主；细钩黄鼠蚤和直缘双蚤指名亚种是主要传播媒介。１９９７年和２０００年从青海田鼠体内分离的鼠疫菌生物型属田鼠型鼠疫菌，并具有鼠疫强毒菌的典型特征，其分子生物学特征与我国其他疫源地中的鼠疫菌株明显不同，提示该地区存在一种新类型的鼠疫自然疫源地，其中的鼠疫菌属于一单独的型别、青海田鼠动物鼠疫流行季节４～９月，流行高峰６月中旬至８月上旬，呈单峰型。目前，已知在四川省石渠县和青海省称多县存在青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地，疫源地面积为２１ ０００ｋｍ２。结论 四川省石渠县鼠疫自然疫源地是青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地。
Objective To determine the main nost，the main vectors and the biotype of Y. pestis strains to be isolated in the bosies of Microtus fuscus in this area; To determine the distribution of M. fuscus nature foci and epidemic character of epizootic plague. Methods To study the senxibility of Microtus fuscus，the efficiency of vectors on the fleas and the biology and molecular biology Characters of Yersinia pestis strains; To study the distribution，active law and in- dexes of ecology of M. fuscus，and the character of epizootic plague by field investigation and laboratory methods. Result Microtus fuscus is the main host of this type of Y.pestis; The main vectors are C. sparsilis and A.t. tuta; Y. pestis strains of Qinghai Biotype were isolated in the bodies of Microtus fuscus respectively in 1997 and 2000，which carried the typical character of virulent strains of Y-pestis. Its biological characters were significanfly different from the strains isolat- ed from other parts of China. It is suggested that the existence of a new type of nature plague foci in this area. The strains of Y. pestis fnxn this region belong to a unique type. The epidemic season of epizootic plague in M. fuscus is from April to September. And the pinnacle time is in middle June and early August，which shows monopeak type. Now M. fuscus foci has been known in Shiqu，Sichuan provine and Chenduo，Qingai province. The area is 21 000 square kilometers. Conclusion The nature plague foci in this area is M. fuscus Nature plague foci in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
出处
《中国地方病防治》
2001年第6期321-327,共7页
Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases
基金
中华人民共和国卫生部
四川省卫生厅资助课题
