摘要
超临界流体萃取分馏仪依据溶剂在超临界态下特有的反常冷凝原理设计而成 ,结合了萃取和分馏两大过程的特点。采用超临界丙烷、丁烷、戊烷作溶剂 ,分离过程完全由计算机控制 ,原料在萃取釜中由超临界流体萃取 ,分馏柱的温差作用产生的内回流可有效地改善分离选择性。线性升压程序使超临界流体的溶解能力由小到大 ,从而使重质油的馏分按分子量和极性大小顺序流出。超临界流体萃取分馏仪对高沸点物质的分离特别有效 ,可分离物质的常压当量沸点可达 10 0 0℃以上 ,已在石油重质油、润滑油、石蜡和地蜡、催化油浆、聚合物以及多种天然产物精密分离方面得到了广泛应用。
The design of the instrument of supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) is based on retrograde phenomenon of supercritical fluids, which combine the characteristics of both extraction and distillate fractionation. With propane, butane and pentane as supercritical solvent, the separation is automatically controlled by a computer. During the separation, a feed is extracted in the extractor and then is fractionated in the upper column where a temperature gradient is established, which produces internal reflux and improve the selectivity. Rising pressure with a linear pressure program, the fractions are eluted with increasing molecular weight and polarity. The SFEF is feasible for separation of high boiling point materials, even up to 1 000℃. Its applications on separating petroleum heavy oil, lubricate, wax, FCC slurry, polymers and natural products are also discussed here.
出处
《石油仪器》
2001年第4期12-15,32,共5页
Petroleum Instruments
关键词
重质油
超临界流体
萃取分馏仪
深度精密分离
heavy oil, supercritical fluid, extraction, fractionation, separation, technology
