摘要
纳米科学与技术(简称纳米科技)是在纳米(1nm=10^(-9)米)尺度上研究物质(包括原子、分子)的特性和相互作用,以及利用这些特性的多学科的高新科技。它的最终目标是直接以原子、分子及物质在纳米尺度上表现出来的特性制造具有特定功能的产品,实现生产方式的飞跃。有人预言纳米科技将会给人类带来一次产业革命。本文简述了纳米科技的历史和最新进展;介绍了纳米生物学、纳米化学、纳米电子学、纳米机械学、纳米材料学方面的研究。另外对促使纳米科技发展的重要工具——扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和在STM基础上发展起来的其它扫描探针显微镜(如原子力显微镜AFM、弹道电子发射显微镜BEEM、电容显微镜等)作了简要介绍。
Nanometer science and technology (NST), an advanced multidiscipline, studies and utilizes characters of substances including atoms and molecules and their interactions at the nanometer (1nm=10^(-9)m) level. As a science, NST makes the vision of mankind go a further step and improves the understanding of nanometer scale phenomena and novel effects amongst the engineering, fabrication, optics, electronics, materials sciences, biological and medical communities. On the other hand, as a technology, its direct aim is to create specificfunctional products using atoms or molecules at the nanometer level. Someone predicted that NST will lead to an industrial revolution. In this review, a brief description of the history of NST and its present condition in the world are given. The main part is devoted to reviewing some new progress on nanobiology, nanochemistry, nanomechanics, nanomaterials science. Finally, some brief comments on nanometer level instruments such as scanning tunneling microscope, atomic force microscope (including other probe microscopes such as ballistic electron emission microscope and scanning capacitance microscope)which have helped the appearance and development of NST are presented.
出处
《中国科学基金》
CSCD
1993年第3期189-194,共6页
Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China
