摘要
目的 了解成都市市区学龄前期儿童伤害发生现况 ,探讨伤害发生的原因及减少伤害发生的干预措施。方法 采用整群抽样、家长回答的开放式问卷调查方法 ,调查了成都市市区 11个幼儿园 3～ 6岁儿童 1999年伤害发生的情况 ,伤害判断标准 :到医院或幼儿园医务室诊治 ,家长或老师的紧急处理 ,休息半天以上。同时必须符合下列条件 :碰伤所致的皮下血肿及皮下瘀血≥ 1cm× 1cm ,抓伤≥ 3处 ,咬伤应见有牙咬血痕。结果 2 16 5名在园儿童伤害总发生率为 2 9 2 8% ,男女发生率分别为 32 2 9%及 2 5 91% ,伤害平均发生频率为 1 5 8次。仅 5岁～组男女间差异有显著性 ,其他年龄组男女之间、不同年龄组之间的伤害发生率差异无显著性。男女前 3位均是跌伤、烧烫伤及碰伤 ,其次为车辆伤及骨头卡喉。伤害主要发生地点为家中及幼儿园内。发生伤害主要危险因素为 :走路、跑步、玩耍时被推、撞 ;重物、硬物砸伤、压伤、碰伤 ;热源及电伤 ;被刀具、棍棒、玩具、器皿划伤、戳伤等。结论 采用综合安全防范措施 。
Objective To study the status of injury in preschool children in the urban areas of Chengdu and to find its causes as well as intervention measures to reduce it. Methods Guardians of the preschool children aged three to six years were interviewed with an open ended questionnaire in 11 kindergartens in the urban areas of Chengdu about the occurrence of injury in children with a cluster sampling during 1999 Injury was defined based on the following criteria: subcutaneous hematoma and ecchymosis with an afflicted area larger than 1 cm×1 cm, or scratch in more than three sites, or bite with tooth mark, diagnosed and treated in hospital or kindergarten clinics, with emergency management by guardians and nurses of the children, and taking leaves for half a day or more due to injury. Results Overall incidence of injury was 29 28% in 2 165 children of the kindergartens, 32 29% for boys and 25 91% for girls, respectively, with a mean of 1 58 episodes of injury per child There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of injury between sexes and age groups, except for the sex difference in 5 year old group The top three causes of injury were falling, burns and scald and collision in both sexes, and, traffic accident (ranking the fifth in boys) and foreign body in the throat (ranking the fourth in girls) came next The main location where injury occurred were at home and kindergartens The main risk factors causing injury were collision or being pulled down during walking, running and playing, squashed or squeezed by heavy weight or hard material, heating, electricity, and cut and jabbed by knifes, club, stick, toys and broken glassware, etc. Conclusion Incidence of injury in preschool children can be prevented and reduced by comprehensive measures
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第3期181-184,共4页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
儿童
学龄前
创伤
损伤
危险因素
Child, preschool
Wounds and injuries
Risk factors
