摘要
目的 阐明青少年伤害的发生现况和常见伤害类型的原因 ,评价其社会经济损失及危害程度。方法 1998～ 1999年在广州、茂名、江门、汕头等市采用分层整群抽样方法 ,调查 19所学校145 33名 7～ 18岁的中小学生 1年中发生伤害的情况 ,伤害的判断标准是 :①到医院或校医室诊治 ,②因伤休息 0 5d以上 ,③由家长或老师做紧急处理。结果 1年内发生伤害 6 941人 ,发生率为 47 76 %(男生 5 0 0 8%、女生 45 0 2 % ) ,中学生高于小学生 ( 5 8 49%和 40 0 8% ) ,发生率随年龄升高的趋势十分明显 ,13～ 15岁为高发年龄段 ;主要伤害类型为跌伤、锐器伤、碰撞伤、交通伤和烧烫伤 ,常发生在运动、玩耍、走路、骑自行车和劳动时疏忽大意 ;多发性伤害与父母的文化程度和是否是独生子女有关 ;受伤后就医者 2 173人 (占 31 3% ) ,住院者 6 2 7人 (占 9 0 % ) ,2 8%的学生伤后缺课 ,平均每例伤害学生缺课 5 6d ,医疗费用 81 5元 ;2 46 %的学生伤后暂时性失能 ,0 81%的学生致残 ,残疾率为410 47/ 10万。结论 伤害在青少年中常见、多发 ,严重影响青少年的健康、发育、学习和未来。预防的主导措施是消除隐患、健康教育和安全促进 ,控制策略在于政府和全社会都应关注青少年免遭伤害。
Objectives To study the current status of incidence of injury among children and young adults and the causes of common injuries, and to estimate its socio-economic loss and extent of harmfulness. Methods Pupils in 19 primary and middle schools aged 7 to 18 years, totaling 14 533, were recruited with stratified cluster sampling during 1998 to 1999 in Guangzhou, Maoming, Jiangmen and Shantou. Judgement for injury was based on the following criteria: ①diagnosed and treated in hospitals or school clinics, ②a half-day off or more due to injury, and③emergency management by pupils′ parents or teachers. Results There were 6 941 pupils suffered from varied injures during the year, with an incidence rate of 4776%(5008% for boys and 4502% for girls). Incidence rate of injury was higher in the middle school pupils (13-18 years old, 5849%) than that in the primary school pupils (7-12 years old, 4008%). The incidence increased significantly with age, with a peak at ages of 13-15. Major causes of injuries resulted from falls, injury by sharp articles, collision, traffic injuries and burn / scalds, etc, which usually occurred due to carelessness in sports, playing, walking, bike-riding and working. Frequency of multiple injuries related to the educational level of parents and depended on whether or not an only-child in family. There were 2 173 injured pupils (accounting for 313% of the total)visited clinics or emergency department in hospitals and 627 (90%)hospitalized for treatment. Twenty-eight percent of the injured pupils were absent from school, with an average absenteeism of 56 days. There were 154 injured pupils with transient disability and 53 with permanent disability, with a disability rate of 41047 per 100 000. Cost for their medical care averaged 815 yuan RMB per injured pupil. Conclusions Injury was a common and frequently-happened incident among children and young adults and could seriously affect their health, development and growth, studying and their future of children and young adults. Health education, safety-promotion and removing hidden danger for injury are the major measures to prevent from injury, and the government and the whole society should pay great attention to injury issues in children and young adults.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第4期203-205,共3页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
国务院侨办重点学科科研基金!(1998175)
广东省医学科学研究基金!资助(A1998283)
关键词
伤害
青少年
发生率
预防
社会经济损失
Wounds and injuries
Adolescence
Incidence
Injury prevention
