摘要
教育支出是一国政府支出的重要组成部分。随着经济的发展 ,各国对教育的重视程度越来越高 ,教育支出规模和结构都发生了一些变化 ,对比国外情况分析我国教育支出方面存在哪些问题 ,是何原因 ,如何借鉴国际经验加以解决 。
Educational expenditure is an important part of a governments budget. With economic development, governments are giving more and more attention to education of their countries. There have been some changes in both the dimensions and the consisting parts of educational expenditure. By making a comparison with other countries, the article discusses the problems in China so far as its educational expenditure is concerned, the causes of those problems and the possible ways to solve them by learning from the experiences of the other countries. The article first makes a comparison of total educational expenses worldwide. Based on the educational expense in proportion of GDP of China and that in other regions (China Almanac 1999, UNESCO Almanac 1998) we can see that when fiscal revenue takes less than 10% of GDP, educational expends takes about 2%. If the former is 20%, the latter is around 3%. If the former, 30 40%; the latter, 4 5%. When the proportion of fiscal revenue rises to 40 50%, that of the educational expense in turn rises to 5 6%. In the year 1998, the proportion of Chinas fiscal revenue in GDP is 12.4%, while that of the educational expense takes 2.56%, which is normal according to international standard. The author believes that if we want to raise the low proportion of Chinas educational expense, to raise the proportion of the fiscal revenue in GDP is the prerequisite so as to increase the governmental capability to allocate its money. The author then makes a worldwide comparison concerning the consisting parts of the educational expenses. What is the right proportion of the public educational expenditure among the institution of primary, secondary and tertiary education is an important problem that needs a sensible solution. According to statistics provided by the charts, The primary education in China, Brazil and India take a comparatively larger proportion while secondary education in France takes the larger part. Yet in Japan and America, there is an even distribution among the three tiers of education. The facts show that the developed countries made an early effort in improving their education esp. primary and secondary education while the developing countries are still struggling, so their investments in education get a slant on primary and secondary education. As a result, the rate taken by tertiary education is too low. The author thinks that in order to solve the above mentioned problem the government should encourage those individuals who would like to invest in education, esp. in primary and secondary education. In 1996, the number of the students learning at private schools is only 0.34% of the total while that of secondary school, 0.67%. Compared with other countries, the educational function of private schools in primary and secondary education are far too less than those in both developing and developed countries. There is great potential for the development of private schools in China. The government should help them and reinforce their management and superintendence. There is also a great demand for private universities and colleges. Government should help them in terms of regulations and support, giving them favorite policies to recruit students, opening more channels to jobs for their graduates and improving their conditions. The author holds that developing private schools is another solution to the problem of a rather low educational expenditure in our country.
出处
《开放教育研究》
2001年第2期9-11,共3页
Open Education Research
