摘要
目的了解浙江杭州、绍兴、嘉兴三市社区老年人高血压前期和高血压患病率及心血管病危险因素分布特征。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，抽取2011年三市≥60岁常住人口1348例，运用SAS9．0统计软件进行卡方检验，对≥60岁老年人高血压前期和高血压患病及危险因素分布情况进行分析。结果2011年4月至7月共调查≥60岁老年人1348例，老年高血压前期患病率37．5％，标化患病率35．6％；高血压患病率30．6％，标化患病率28．9％。老年人理想血压人群、高血压前期和高血压患者合并的心血管病危险因素分布和聚集情况进行分析，老年高血压患者中，目前吸烟、运动锻炼率较理想血压人群减少（分别为19．9％和21．4％，31．8％和47．1％；均P〈0．05），肥胖、高三酰甘油血症和3个及以上危险因素合并率较理想血压人群升高（分别为15．1％和4．6％，13．8％和4．4％，26．2％和13．9％；均P〈0．05）。老年高血压前期患者中，运动锻炼较理想血压人群减少（41．6％和47．1％，P〈0．05），男性、合并有2个或3个及以上危险因素较理想血压人群增加（分别为45．7％和34．6％，25．2％和20．2％，22．4％和13．9％；均P〈0．05）。提示老年高血压患者合并心肌梗死、脑卒中和糖尿病较高血压前期患者升高，分别为0．5％和0．0％，1．7％和0．2％，5．6％和2．2％，均P〈0．05。结论浙江省老年居民高血压标化患病率较≥35岁成年人高，老年高血压和高血压前期患者普遍存在运动锻炼减少。老年高血压患者肥胖和高三酰甘油血症危险因素升高，但吸烟率较高血压前期患者下降。老年高血压和高血压前期患者需加强运动锻炼指导，关注肥胖、血脂异常等多重危险因素的干预，在老年高血压患者中开展戒烟干预可能是有效的。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for pre- hypertension and hypertension among the older adults in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing in Zhejiang province. Methods A total of 1348 people aged 60 years and over were selected by stratified cluster random sampling in 2011, the risk factors were analyzed through SAS9.0. Results 1348 subjects were included in the survey from April to July in 2011. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 37.5% and 30.6%, and the standardized prevalence rates were 35.6% and 28.9% respectively. In the elderly with hypertension versus normal blood pressure, the rates of smoking and exercising were lower （19.9% vs. 21.4%, 31.8%0 vs. 47.1%,P〈0.05）, but the rates of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and having 3 or more risk factors were higher （15.1% vs. 4.6%, 13.8% vs. 4.4%, 26.2% vs. 13.9%, P〈0.05）. Among the elderly patients with pre-hypertension, less subjects had exercise compared to subjects with normal blood pressure （45.7% vs. 34.6%, P〈0.05）, and the rates in male, having 2 or more than 3 risk factors were increased compared with the group with normal blood pressure （45.7% vs. 34.6%0, 25.2% vs. 20.2%, 22.4% vs.13.9%, P〈0.05）. There were more subjects in the group with hypertension that having myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes than the in the group with pre-hypertension, the rates were 0.5% vs. 0.0%, 1.7% vs.0.2%, 5.6% vs. 2.2%（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The standardized prevalence of hypertension is higher in the elderly than in ones aged 35 years and over, and the subjects with hypertension or pre-hypertension in the elderly have less exercise. The risk factors for obesity and hypertriglyceridemia are more in the hypertensive, but less smokers compared with the group of pre- hypertension. Guidance of sports is necessary among the elderly with hypertension and pre- hypertension, and more attention should be paled to the intervention of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and other risk factors. It may be an effective way to have intervention of smoking cessation among the hypertensive elderly.
出处
《中华老年医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期668-671,共4页
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
基金
浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目（2010KYB010）、浙江省医药卫生平台研究计划重点项目（2012PYZD001）
关键词
高血压
患病率
危险因素
Hypertension
Prevalence
Risk factor
