摘要
從15世紀到19世紀,惟一與日本有正式外交關係的朝鮮,曾有六十多次派遣使團赴日,這些使團中的文人留下了約四十種類似出使日記的有關文獻,以及相當數量的筆談、唱酬和繪畫。這一龐大的文獻資料是研究朝鮮與日本近世政治、文化、經濟關係的重要史料,在日、韓學界很受關注。可是,這些文獻資料至今在中國還沒有得到充分的重視。也許最重要的問題是,這些看上去只是記録日、朝之間往來的資料,對中國學界的意義究竟是什麽?本文指出,這些文獻資料的意義是雙重的,它既呈現了這幾個世紀日本與朝鮮的政治關係與文化比賽,也讓我們看到在近世東亞的政治與文化上中國的存在,日朝交往中,無論在政治領域的名分、禮儀、文書上,還是在文化領域的衣冠、風俗、學問、藝術上,現實上的"明清"雖然缺席,但歷史上的"中國"卻始終在發生影響。因此,在朝鮮通信使文獻中,儘管看到的主要是日本與朝鮮之間的複雜關係,但也可以看到中國在通信使文獻中,仿佛是一個不在場的在場者。
From the 15 th to 19 th century,Joseon Korea was the only country who established the official diplomatic relation with Japan. More than60 Joseon Tongsinsa missions were dispatched to Japan intermittently during the period. Korean scholars in these delegations left around 40 kinds of documents,which seem like diaries of diplomatic envoys,as well as considerable intercommunion poetry communications(唱酬),conversations by writing(筆談),and paintings. The large number of textual evidence provides important sources for studying the premodern Joseon-Japanese relations in terms of politics,culture and economy,and has been fully discussed by Japanese and Korean scholars. However,the textual evidence has so far been received inadequate attention in China. The most important question would be that,though these documents appear to record the bilateral contacts and communication between Joseon Korea and Japan,what are their meanings for Chinese academia? This paper points out a dual role of the records of Joseon Missions to Japan,which not only shows political and cultural contests between Japan and Korea during the period,but also suggests a political and cultural presence of China in the premodern East Asia. Though the Ming and Qing China was absent in the Joseon-Japanese diplomatic exchanges,the historical 'China'always played an important role in either the political aspects like status,ritual,and official documents,or in the cultural aspects,such as dress,custom, knowledge and art. In this context, complicated relationships between Joseon Korea and Japan can be seen,and we could also find China as an absent attendee from the records.
出处
《中华文史论丛》
CSSCI
2014年第2期1-62,共62页
Journal of Chinese Literature and History
