摘要
乾隆五十五年(1790年),乾隆皇帝庆祝八十大寿,除了满汉文武百官、蒙古王公之外,安南、朝鲜、琉球、南掌、缅甸以及四川、甘肃土司、台湾生番以及哈萨克等使团,都赶到承德贺寿。刚刚打败清军夺取政权的安南新国王阮光平,不仅亲自率团来贺,而且主动要求在典礼上改穿大清衣冠,行三跪九叩礼,这使乾隆格外高兴,却引起朝鲜使者的不满。为什么安南国王改易服色,会引起乾隆的意外欢喜,却引起朝鲜使者的格外不满?为什么典礼和衣冠对于东亚政治和文化秩序格外重要?为什么这次典礼和衣冠的处理方式,在三年后英使马嘎尔尼来华时,却不能同样得到皆大欢喜的结果?通过图像与文字资料,我们将讨论这一事件背后的意味。
In the 55th year of the Qianlong Reign（1790） in the Qing Dynasty,the Emperor Qianlong celebrated his 80th birthday.Besides the officials of the Court and Mongol princes,Vietnam,North Korea,Okinawa,Laos,Myanmar,and Sichuan,Gansu Chieftains,Taiwan ethnics,Kazakhstan and other missions,had come to Chengde Ceremony.Vietnam＇s new king Nguyên Hu,who just seized the power,not only personally led a delegation to the celebration,but also volunteered to wear Qing＇s attire at the ceremony and follow the most ceremonious etiquette,which surprisingly pleased the Emperor Qianlong but dissatisfied the North Korean envoy.Why was it so？ Why were ceremony and dress so important for the East Asian political and cultural orders？ And why could the approach to the ceremony and attire not fit the British Macartney Embassy three years later？ Through images and texts,the meanings behind this incident will be discussed.
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第2期1-11,共11页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
关键词
乾隆皇帝
东亚
安南
衣冠
朝贡体制
文化比赛
Emperor Qianlong
East Asia
Vietnam
attire
tributary system
cultural competition
