摘要
[目的]比较上海市1990—2010年不同时期人群期望寿命变化趋势,探讨疾病谱变化对期望寿命的影响,确定疾病干预的优先领域。[方法]利用1990—2010年上海市居民死亡登记系统的死亡数据和上海市公安系统的人口数据,应用简略寿命表法、期望寿命分解法、死因分解法,比较年龄和不同死因对期望寿命的影响。[结果]1990—2010年上海市男性和女性期望寿命分别增加了6.91岁和6.94岁,年均增寿均达0.35岁。65岁以上老年人口对期望寿命增长的贡献最大,男女分别占增寿总量的52.97%和51.44%。呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病和肿瘤死亡率的降低是期望寿命增加的主要原因,他们对男性和女性期望寿命的贡献分别为2.13岁和1.98岁、1.42岁和1.89岁、1.35岁和0.67岁。[结论]上海市现阶段,居民的死亡大部分是疾病造成,提高人群期望寿命,重点是关注中老年人健康状况。近20年慢性病死亡率虽大幅下降,但仍是上海市主要死因,建立健全慢病防治体系,提高慢性病防治效果,是进一步提高上海市人口健康水平,增加上海市居民期望寿命的有效途径。
[Objective] To describe life expectancy growth for various time spans during 1990-2010 in Shanghai, examine the impacts of changes in disease spectrum on life expectancy growth, and reveal priorities for disease intervention. [Methods]Mortality data of Shanghai residents were retrieved from the death registry system. Demographic data were from Shanghai Public Security Bureau. The abridged life tables and decomposition of life expectancy by age groups and causes of death were used to analyze impacts of age and death cause on life expectancy. [Results] During 1990-2010, life expectancy of Shanghai residents increased 6.91 and 6.94 years for male and female respectively, with a yearly increment of 0.35 years. The declining mortality in the elderly population （aged 65 years and above） increased the life expectancy mostly and that accounted for 52.97% and 51.44% of male and female life expectancy increase respectively. The decreases in mortality rates due to respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, and cancer were the main sources of the increase in life expectancy, which contributed 2.13 and 1.98, 1.42 and 1.89, 1.35 and 0.67 years to life expectancy growth respectively for each category in male and female. [Conclusion] Most deaths are caused by diseases. In order to increase life expectancy, we should pay more attention to the elderly’s health. Recent 20 years have witnessed a substantial decline in the mortality of chronic diseases, but that was still the major cause of death in Shanghai. Therefore, to establish chronic disease prevention and control system and improve prevention and treatment effects are the effective way to further improve the population health and increase the life expectancy
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第2期88-92,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市卫生局科研课题(编号:20124383)
上海市卫生局青年科研课题(编号:20124y174)
关键词
期望寿命
期望寿命分解法
呼吸系统疾病
循环系统疾病
肿瘤
损伤
中毒
life expectancy decomposition of life expectancy respiratory diseases circulatory diseases cancer injury poisoning
