摘要
通过专利视角探寻国际运动鞋专利在国家、企业、专利内容三方面的发展规律。研究结果显示,1)美国运动鞋专利有效数量高居世界第一,中国位居其次;美国、日本、德国、法国都已培养出具有代表性的运动鞋企业,并且在世界主要专利机构进行了战略布局。2)国际运动鞋专利高产机构经历了从德国、日本、法国、美国公司转换的过程;依靠气垫技术起家的耐克公司逐步转向智能运动鞋的开发,在专利数量和专利质量方面都高居世界第一。3)滑雪、跑步、足球、高尔夫项目所涉及的运动鞋专利最多,鞋底的弹性减震和防滑耐磨功能是最主要的专利内容;个性化设计是未来运动鞋的研发趋势。美国体育产业的飞速发展以及传统市场的增速放缓促使耐克等跨国公司在全球新兴市场实施专利布局,专利制度的不断完善和发展是影响企业知识产权保护意识和实施专利战略布局的基础。面对与国外运动鞋企业的巨大技术差距,我国技术创新相关法律法规需进一步完善,企业需加强产品销售、专利先行的知识产权保护意识。运动鞋企业应抓住移动互联等新兴技术的发展机遇,依靠个性化定制服务提高行业核心竞争力。
This paper attempts to provide some useful reference to Chinese sports goods enter- prises through exploring the regular patterns of sports shoe patents. The results show that 1） The number of patents accepted by USPTP ranks first. The United States, Japan, Germany and France have developed representative sports shoe enterprises, which each has implemented pa- tent strategies at the leading markets. 2） Patent technology center has experienced a transfor- mation from German, Japanese, French, to American enterprises. Nike, which has the highest number of sports shoes patents and the highest number of high cited patents, has focused on smart sports shoes. 3） Ski boots, running shoes, soccer shoes and golf shoes are the most stud- ied sports shoes. Elastic damping and slip resistant of shoes sole are the main research con- tents. Personalized design is the future development trend. The rapid development of sports in- dustry and traditional market slowdown prompted multinational companies such as Nike to ex- plore emerging markets. Developing and perfecting of patent law is the key factor which affects enterprise intellectual property protection consciousness and implementing of patent strategies. China should formulate laws and regulations to encourage our enterprises＇ technology innovation and to raise their awareness of intellectual property rights protection. Sports shoe enterprises should catch the opportunity of emerging technology such as mobile Internet, and rely on diver- sified services to improve the core competitiveness.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期83-89,96,共8页
China Sport Science
基金
上海市体育局科研攻关与科技服务课题(11JT011)
上海体育学院研究生教育创新计划项目(yjscx201308)
关键词
运动鞋
专利技术
体育用品
发展现状
sports shoes
patented technology
sports goods ~ development status
