摘要
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中重要的免疫效应细胞。病理刺激下,小胶质细胞被迅速激活,参与到一系列免疫反应中。生理状态下,小胶质细胞处于静息状态,并伴随大量细胞突起不断伸缩以探索周围环境,提示静息态小胶质细胞可能具有重要生理功能。近年来研究显示,小胶质细胞参与调节多项生理过程,包括神经系统发育、环路形成、神经元活动、神经功能可塑性以及动物抓腮行为等。本文将综述小胶质细胞在生理条件下的基本特性,并围绕小胶质细胞是如何参与上述生理过程的调节等问题展开讨论。
Microglia, the resident immune effective cells of the central nervous system, play crucial roles in mediating immune-related process. It becomes activated quickly in response to even minor pathological insults and participates in series of immune responses. Under physiological conditions, most microglia stay in a typical resting state, with ramified processes continuously extending and retracting from surrounding neural tissues, suggesting an important function of resting microglia. Recent studies indicate that resting microglia can regulate many physiological processes, including neural development, neural circuit formation, neuronal activity and plasticity, and animal grooming behavior. Here, we review the properties of resting microglia and further discuss how microglia par- ticipate in the above-mentioned functional regulation under physiological conditions.
出处
《生理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期471-482,共12页
Acta Physiologica Sinica
基金
supported by grants from National Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program
No.2011CBA00400)
the Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB02040300)
Hundred Talents Program from the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China
关键词
小胶质细胞
静息态
激活态
突触
神经元
神经功能
microglia
resting state
activated state
synapse
neuron
neural function
