2Williams R,Rankin N,Smith T, et al. Relationship be-tween the humidity and temperature of inspired gas andthe function of the airway mucosa [ J]. Crit Care Med,1996,24(11) ..1920-1929.
3Walker AK, Bethune DW. A comparative study of con-denser humidifiers[ J] . Anaesthesia,1976,31 ( 8 ) : 1086-1093.
4Irlbeck D. Normal mechanisms of heat and moisture ex-change in the respiratory tract [ J]. Respir Care Clin NAm,1998,4(2) : 189-198.
5Retamal J,Castillo J,Bugedo G,et al. Airway humidifica-tion practices in Chilean intensive care units [ J]. Rev MedChil,2012,140(11) :1425-1430.
6Lellouche F,Taill6 S,Maggiore SM,et al. Influence of am-bient and ventilator output temperatures on performance ofheated-wire humidifiers[ J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2004,170( 10) :1073-1079.
7Auxiliadora-Martins M,Menegueti MG,Nicolini EA,et al.Effect of heat and moisture exchangers on the preventionof ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients[J].Braz J Med Biol Res,2012,45( 12) :1295-1300.
8Luchetti M,Stuani A, Castelli G,et al. Comparison of threedifferent humidification systems during prolonged mecha-nical ventilation [ J]. Minerva Anestesiol, 1998 , 64 ( 3 ):75-81.
9Hess DR, Kallstrom TJ, Mottram CD, et al. Care of theventilator circuit and its relation to ventilator-associatedpneumonia[ J] . Respir Care,2003 ,48(9) ;869-879.
