摘要
本文报道新疆克拉玛依地区的蛉种组成、蛉的栖性、活动、吸血和生殖等生态习性调查研究的结果,为确定当地大沙鼠体内的利什曼原虫以及人群中的皮肤型利什曼病的传播媒介、媒介能量等,提供了一些有价值的材料。
During 1987, 1988 and 1990, observation on the bionomics of sandflies was conducted in the Karamay desert area on the western border of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Six species of sandflies were found during the survey, including four species of genus Phlebotomus: P(Larroussius) major wui, P(Paraphlebotomus) mongolensis, P. andrejevi and P. caucasicus; two species of genus Sergentimyia: S.minutus sinkiangensis and S.arpaklensis. P.mongolensis was disclosed to be the predominant species accounting for 45.7% (4789 / 10476) of the total sandfly population, P.major wui was the second abundant one (28.2%) and the proportion of P.andrejevi being 13.1%. Other 3 species of sandflies were very small in amount.
Studies on the harbouring sites of these 6 species of sandflies revealed their exophilic characteristics. The gerbil burrow were the main resting places, while few rested in human dwellings at daytime. The sandfly populations in gerbil burrows varied apparently in accordance with the soil constitution. In burrows of the alluvial soil area, P .mongolensis amounted to 67.3%, whereas in the sandy soil region, P.andrejevi surpassed others, being 76.1%.
Most of the adults flew out of the gerbil's burrows at sunset to midnight (22:00-0:00). A great number of sandflies invaded human dwellings from the wild after sunset due to the attraction of electric lights and human body (for blood meal).
Feeding experiment showed that P .mongolensis liked rodent blood best, but occasionally (5.3%) fed on lizard. In comparison with P .mongolensis, P.major wui had less fendency to feed on rodents. Both species of Sergentomyia preferred lizard's blood, and only in one occasion, the author found a S.minutus sinkiangensis feeding on a man and erythroplastids were detected in the stomach. Sandflies collected by human baits in the field at dusk showed that the P.major wui is an anthropophilic species, accounting for 72.1% (1230/ 1707) of the sandflies captured.
A total of 27 pairs of sandlies were captured in the process of copulation. All of them were identified to be P.mongolensis. Upon dissection of the females, nulliparous was found in 10, gravid in 11 and parous in 6. This fact showed that female P .mongolensis can copulate at any physiological status. The period required for the complete development of the ovaries from stage 'O' to 'V' in both P.mongolensis and P.major wui at 26±1℃ was 5-6 days.
The result of bionomics studies of sandflies was useful in identification of sandfly species transmitting Leishmania in big gerbils and human cutaneous leishmaniasis and its vectorial capacity in the locality.
出处
《地方病通报》
1991年第2期55-61,共7页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目
